Appendix A: Stakeholder list

1.6 Literature findings pertaining to specific waste streams

A number of waste streams are listed under both general and hazardous waste in Schedule 1. Since no primary data was collected it was not possible to split the general and hazardous portions of the reported waste figures. Therefore, following a precautionary approach, all the data on these waste streams are reported as unclassified waste. Examples on the types of waste streams covered by each waste category are provided (DEA, 2010).

GW 01 - Municipal waste

Municipal waste is not defined in the Waste Act, 2008. Therefore, for the purposes of this baseline, municipal waste is assumed to be composed of mainline recyclables (including paper, plastic, glass, metals and tyres), organic waste (including garden and food waste), construction and demolition waste and non-recyclables (GDACE, 2008; Gibb, 2008). The detailed composition is illustrated in Figure 1 in the main report. The sources of municipal waste as reported in this baseline include households, commercial, and industrial sites as well as illegally dumped waste (refer top Figure 2 in the main report) (MLM, n.d.; Pikitup, 2004; CoCT, 2004; City of Tshwane, 2004).

Municipal waste generation data is primarily estimated based on modeling techniques. Modeling is perhaps preferred as it is the quickest and cheapest way of generating data in the absence of primary data collection. Unfortunately this approach is dependent on good quality input data which, in most municipalities, are not available.
Disposal data for municipal waste is limited to landfill records which are mostly unreliable as it is seldom based on accurate measurement techniques. There are a few reports of studies where waste generation and disposal data was collected through direct measurements. A comparison and alignment of modeled data to direct measured data is considered to lead to accurate estimates.
The Western Cape Province is the only province where all local and district municipalities have IWMPs in place (see Table ). Despite all municipalities having IWMPs, four different methods were used to calculate waste generation figures for the province, “on account of suspect data” (DEADP, 2011: 20). The average tonnages for the Western Cape and all district municipalities in the province were derived from results of these four methods. A mean and standard deviation was calculated to provide an indication of the confidence associated with these figures, namely (±12.5%) (DEADP, 2011).
The four quantification methods reported (DEADP, 2011) are:

1. 
   Population figures, growth rates and per capita waste generation rates reported in or derived from IWMPs were used to calculate waste generation figures for the baseline year. The per capita waste generation rates were weighted according to the urban/rural distribution where provided. An urban/rural ratio of 60/40 was applied where no population ratios were available.
   
2. 
   Waste figures from municipal IWMPs were used and projected to the base year based on reported or calculated growth rates.
   
3. 
   Differences between census populations for 2001 and 2007 were used to calculate a growth rate to project the population data. These results were then multiplied by a weighted per capita waste generation rate of 1.0 kg/p/d for urban and 0.11kg/p/d for rural.
   
4. 
   Current population and waste figures as supplied by the districts were used together with calculated per capita waste generation rates.