Around the sun leaving a bright trail behind. For more than
- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- On the other hand , according to
- As a result
- For example
| increase
| |||
|
artırmak | |||
|
conservative |
tutucu, muhafazakâr |
quality |
nitelik, kalite |
|
criticize |
eleştirmek |
receive |
almak; kabul etmek |
|
decrease |
Azaltmak |
satisfied with |
-den memnun |
|
define |
Tanımlamak |
suitable |
uygun, münasip |
|
describe |
tarif etmek, tanımlamak |
| |
|
disagree with |
Ile uyuşamamak |
| |
30
UNTITLED
Companies can increase the money with which they run their business in a number of ways. Besides borrowing money and buying on credit, they can use some other processes of financing. Two ways of increasing money are described here. First, they may provide bonds. Bonds are a special kind of promissory note, a written promise to pay back the money owed. They can be in various currencies, 9r forms of money used in different countries, such as the pound in England or the mark in Germany. These bonds can easily be resold to other people or to other countries. The company that uses bonds guarantees to pay a particular amount of money as interest regularly for a certain period of time. This continues Until the time when the company has to pay back the money owed. Payments of interest must be made on time; it doesn't matter whether the company is making earnings or losing money. Another process companies may use is to provide other forms of promissory notes called stocks. Bonds and stocks are opposite methods of providing money for a company. The people who buy stocks provide capital which is invested in the business. They have a share in the profits and in making decisions, '?ut they must also share the losses. The people who own stocks receive dividends, that is, periodic payments of the earnings of a company. On the other hand, according to the law, the people who own bonds have no control over the decisions of the company.
-
bond
bağ irtibat
earn
kazanma
borrow
ödunç almak, borç almak;
guarantee
garanti etmek
certain
Belirli kesin
Payment
ödeme
currency
para birimi
promissory note
bono
dividend
kar hissesi
run
Çalıştırmak; geçirmek; yürütmek
31 DISASTER AT SEA
Along the coast of the United States, the U.S. Coast Guard helps ships that get into difficulty at sea. The Coast Guard, like the Navy, is controlled by the U.S. government. It receives the money that ji needs from the government; therefore, its ships, planes, and helicopters are very modern.
In Great Britain the system is very different. There are a small number of men, called lifeboatmen, who go out to help ships in trouble. These brave men often risk their lives, but they receive no money for their work. They live in small towns on the coast, and most have other jobs. The special lifeboats that they need are provided by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (R.N.L.I.), a private group which depends completely on money from private people. The R.N.L.I. does not accept any money from the government. As a result, it cannot always buy the best and most modern lifeboats. For example, ten years ago, British researchers began to criticize the lifeboats which were in use at that time. According to their studies, the lifeboats never sank, but they turned over in certain sea conditions and stayed upside down in the water. However, there was a new kind of lifeboat that did not turn oven The R.N.L.I. began to buy this safer kind of boat, but it could only buy one every year.
Some years ago, on the southwestern coast of England, a lifeboat station that did not have the new type of lifeboat received a radio call from a small ship that was sinking. The call came in the middle of the worst storm in forty years. The sea was very rough, but the lifeboat went out to try to save the men on the sinking ship. Two hours later, the radio of the lifeboat stopped, and nothing more was heard from them. One day later a helicopter found the lifeboat. It was lying upside down in the sea. Probably a large wave hit it and turned it oven Everyone in the lifeboat had died. No one had survived.
The news of the disaster shocked the people of Great Britain. A number of people began to criticize the lifeboat system. In their opinion, the U.S. system is better. "We cannot send brave men out in boats which aren’t safe," they said. "They need the best boats which money can buy. The government must control the lifeboat system." Today, however, the system remains the same.
-
accept
kabul etmek
at that time
o zamanda
brave
cesur
Coast Guard
sahil koruma.
criticize
eleştirmek, tenkit etmek; yermek
disaster
olağanüstü durum
disaster
olağanüstü durum
go out
disari çikmak
lifeboat
cankurtaran sandalı.
receive
almak; kabul etmek; haber almak
remain
kalmak, durmak
rough
Pürüzlü dalgali;
sink
batmak
trouble
zahmet, sıkıntı,
turn over
dönmek
upside down
Baş aşağı
wave
dalga
32 HOW TO USE THE READER'S GUIDE
The Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature is a subject and author list of many (but not all) magazine articles published in the U.S. This list, called an index, is sent to U.S. libraries every two weeks so that interested people can find out quickly what current information is available. For university or college students who must frequently do research, this list of subjects written about in magazines of general interest can be valuable. Learning to use The Reader's Guide is, therefore, important to all university students in the U.S.
The content of The Reader's Guide consists of subject and author entries to periodicals; that is, magazines published regularly. This information is listed alphabetically. After the subject or author's name, information is given which tells the student where to find the magazine article. For example, if you want to look up the subject 'Education', you should look up the letter 'E' and then find the word 'Education'. If you want to look up an author whose last name is 'Rodriquez', you should look up the letter 'R' and then find the word 'Rodriquez'. Under the subject or the author listing, you will find articles listed, in alphabetical order, about that subject or by that author. Each article is listed by the first word in the title of the article except for the words 'a', 'an', and 'the'; these initial words are not considered in the alphabetizing of articles.
The Reader's Guide also has two kinds of cross-references; that is, information about other places to look in The Reader's Guide for more articles about a subject. After a heading, you might find the word 'see’ which is followed by other subject headings also found in the index. For example, 'Higher Education' isn't a subject heading in The Reader's Guide; if you look up 'Higher Education' you will find: "see Universities and Colleges". Then you will look under 'U' for universities. The other kind of cross-reference is 'see also'. For instance, if you look for 'Education', The Reader's Guide will list articles about education, but it also says: "see also: Adult Education, Elementary Education, Special Education". If you are interested in any of those headings, you can look them up in The Reader's Guide.
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