Aura 2016: first Australian report on antimicrobial use and resistance in human health

Appendix 2 Priority organisms

Table A2.1 Priority organisms and their associated antimicrobials for national reporting in targeted surveillance programs

Priority set 1: Organisms with high public health importance and/or common pathogens where the impact of resistance is substantial in both the hospital and community settings

Species	Core reportable agents
Enterobacteriaceae (mainly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Proteus mirabilis)	Ampicillin, piperacillin–tazobactam, cefazolin, ceftriaxone/cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem
Enterococcus species	Ampicillin, vancomycin, linezolid
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, rifampicin
Neisseria gonorrhoeae	Benzylpenicillin, ceftriaxone/cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin
Neisseria meningitidis	Benzylpenicillin, ceftriaxone/cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin
Salmonella species	Ampicillin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone/cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin
Shigella species	Ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin
Staphylococcus aureus	Oxacillin (MRSA), cefoxitin (MRSA), ciprofloxacin, clindamycin (including inducible resistance), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, vancomycin, linezolid (if tested), daptomycin (if tested)
Streptococcus pneumoniae	Benzylpenicillin, ceftriaxone/cefotaxime, meropenem

MRSA = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Priority set 2: Organisms where the impact of resistance is substantial in hospital settings

Species	Core reportable agents
Acinetobacter baumannii complex	Meropenem
Enterobacter cloacae complex or E. aerogenes	Ceftriaxone/cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin/tobramycin, piperacillin–tazobactam

Priority set 3: Organisms where resistance is a marker of epidemiological resistance and/or use

Species	Core reportable agents
Campylobacter jejuni or C. coli	Ciprofloxacin

Priority set 4: Organisms where resistance will be monitored through passive surveillance, and will be prioritised for targeted surveillance if a signal emerges

Species	Core reportable agents
Clostridium difficile	Moxifloxacin
Haemophilus influenzae type b	Ampicillin, ceftriaxone/cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin
Streptococcus agalactiae	Benzylpenicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin
Streptococcus pyogenes	Benzylpenicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin

Appendix 3 Resources

A3.1 Australian reports and resources

Australian atlas of healthcare variation

Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme annual reports

Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance reports

Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme annual reports

Communicable Diseases Intelligence journal

National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey 2014 report [PDF, 2 MB]

National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy [PDF, 4.5 MB]

National Antimicrobial Utilisation Surveillance Program 2014 report [PDF, 4.7 MB]

National Neisseria Network

National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Tuberculosis notifications in Australia annual reports

A3.2 International surveillance reports

CIPARS (Canada)

DANMAP (Denmark)

ESPAUR (England) [PDF, 2.8 MB]

NARMS (United States) [PDF, 10.3 MB]

NethMap (Netherlands) [PDF, 8.3 MB]

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

SAPG (Scotland)

SWEDRES (Sweden) [PDF, 4.9 MB]

World Health Organization