Basic Debating Skills
A Debate
A debate is, basically, an argument. That is not to say that it is an undisciplined shouting
match between parties that passionately believe in a particular point of view. In fact the
opposite is true. Debating has strict rules of conduct and quite sophisticated arguing
techniques and you will often be in a position where you will have to argue the opposite of
what you believe in.
Two common forms of debate
Parliamentary debate
Parliamentary Debate (Dutch: Lagerhuisdebat) is conducted
under rules derived from British
parliamentary procedure
. It
features the competition of individuals in a multi-person
setting. It borrows terms such as "government" and
"opposition" from the British parliament (although the term
"proposition" is sometimes used rather than "government"
when debating in the United Kingdom).
Even within the United Kingdom, however, British
Parliamentary style is not used exclusively; the
English-
Speaking Union
runs the national championships for schools in
a unique format, known as the 'Mace' format after the name of
the competition, while simultaneously using British
Parliamentary format for the national universities championship.
American Parliamentary debate
A debate round has two teams with two debaters each and a
Speaker. The Speaker serves as both the judge and arbiter of the
rules during the round. Note here that "Speaker" always refers to
the judge from this point forward. One team represents the
Government, while the other represents the Opposition. The
Government team is composed of a Prime Minister, who speaks
twice, and a Member of Government, who speaks once. The
Opposition team is composed of a Leader of the Opposition, who
speaks twice, and a Member of the Opposition, who speaks once.
The Government proposes a specific case statement, which the
government team must demonstrate to be correct. The Opposition
does not have to propose anything, but must demonstrate that the
case statement is not correct. The Speaker decides at the end of
the round, based on the arguments made in the round, whether the
Government has proved its case or whether the Opposition has
disproved it. The team which met its burden more convincingly wins.
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