Chapter 1 background to the water report



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Several researchers have estimated the demand for water for basic living within Aboriginal communities. For those whose needs are only drinking, cooking and washing, demand is estimated to be 10-50 L/p/d (Gillies 1977, Walker 1980); for those communities with septic tanks or some sort of water carriage system for waste disposal, the demand rises to 30-300L/p/d (Collin 1985, White 1977); and for those communities who, in addition to the previous requirements, make provision for water for gardening, the demand is 580-760 L/p/d (Collin 1985, WAWA 1986).

Table 8 Water Supply Level Guidelines
A Minimum Supply Level (where water resources are very limited)

B Basic Supply Level

C Desirable Supply Level (where increased supply can be provided at reasonable cost)
It is important to note that the three supply levels shown are essentially only convenient reference levels on a continuum.


Water Use







A

B

C

Domestic Usage (Litres/person/day)




Average Usage




Drinking/cooking

Minimum potable uses

8

8

10




Dishwashing




12

18

20




Laundry, cleaning




23

30







Bathroom

Shower

22

30

35







Bath

-

15

20







Hand Basin

7

7

10




Toilet




25(1)

35

50




Others inc. car washing




3

7

15






















Sub-Total Domestic Usage

Litres/house/day

Litres/house/day (2)





100

300


150

450


200

600






















Leakage

Litres/house/day





30


45


60






















Total Domestic Average Day Usage

Litres/house/day





330


495


660






















Peak Day Domestic Usage

Litres/house/day





480


720


960



















Garden usage

(Litres/house/day)




Average Usage




Garden




-

200

400




Leakage (3)




-

20

40






















Total Garden Average Day Usage

Litres/house/day





-


220


440






















Peak Day Garden Usage

Litres/house/day





-


820


2040



















Total Household Usage

Total Average Day Usage

Litres/house/day (2)




330


715


1100






















Average Annual Usage

Kilolitres/house/year




120

260

400






















Total Peak Day Usage

Litres/house/day (2)




500

1500

3000



















Stock Usage




Peak Day Demand

per Head

Annual Demand per Head




Milking cows

100 L

12 kL




Horses and dry cattle

50 L

6 kL




Pigs and sheep

5 L

750 L




Poultry

0.35 L

50 L













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