Competitive and sustainable growth

8.2 Description of the Member Organisations

National Physical Laboratory (NPL), UK

The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) is a world-leading centre in the development and application of highly accurate measurement techniques. As the UK's national standards laboratory, NPL underpins the national measurement system, ensuring consistency and traceability of measurements throughout the UK. It offers a unique range of measurement services, contract research, consultancy and training services. Other areas of expertise include the design and characterisation of engineering materials, and mathematical software, especially its application to measurement and instrumentation.

Key Personnel:
Robert Angus is Knowledge Transfer Manager for the Centre for Basic, Thermal and Length Metrology at NPL, responsible for ensuring that the outputs of the research and development work carried out in these scientific areas and the expertise used to deliver it is disseminated to as wide an audience as possible, and that the needs and requirements of UK industry are identified and used to help develop future scientific work programmes at NPL. This work includes an activity of particular relevance to this proposal, namely the management and development of the Temperature and Thermophysical Properties Awareness Club (T2PAC), which is specifically designed to increase support to, and feedback from UK industry on all thermal metrology matters.

Prior to joining NPL in 1997 he held a range of senior technical and sales and marketing positions in a number of SMEs involved in the electro-optics instrumentation field. As a result he has first hand experience of the technical competence levels and metrology support needs of manufacturing SMEs and users of metrology equipment which will be of great use in steering and coordinating this project to the benefit of European industry.

John Redgrove is Science Leader and Head of Thermophysics at NPL, responsible for projects on measurements and standards for multi-thermal properties, emissivity, molten materials and contact probes, and thermal modelling. He is Chief Editor of High Temperatures – High Pressures, a journal for thermophysical properties research, chairman of the organising committee for the European Conference on Thermophysical Properties (the premier thermophysics event in Europe) and chairman of the newly formed CCT working group 9 (Thermophysics) of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures.
Peter Quested is Science Leader for the Measurement for Materials Processing and Manufacturing Theme within the NPL Materials Centre where he has worked for 29 years. This involves planning and implementation of a programme for measurement of thermophysical properties for the polymer, metal and other materials processing industries. He has worked on industrial projects concerned with directional solidification for gas turbine components, effects and assessment of cleanness of nickel-base alloys, and measurement of heat and flow properties of metals and slags; and published many papers on heat and fluid flow properties and their industrial application.

Austrian Research Centers, Seibersdorf, Austria

The ARC Seibersdorf research GmbH is Austria's largest non-university research institution organised as a limited liability company. Shareholders are the Republic of Austria (50.5 percent of shares), and private enterprises. ARC is engaged in applied research and development. Technology transfer from science to industry is a major part of its working programme. Interdisciplinary research and development, with a predominant share of projects carried out under contract, is a prerequisite for the successful performance in this task. In this connection, the intensification of international co-operation is an important strategic goal.

The participation of the proposed project will be run and exploited by the Department of High Performance Materials / Division of Materials Technology. The special emphasis of to thermophysical metrology and characterisation is demonstrated by competence centres as: AMTT - Aerospace Materials Technology Testhouse: Austria’s first large scale facility, created under the TMR program from the European Community and associated countries: e.g. engaged as the co-ordinator and test centre of the Austrian Aerospace competence network for composites and lightweight materials. ESA materials testhouse, thereby acting as an external test lab for the Space Agency since 1989. To this project, ARC Seibersdorf research GmbH will contribute it’s expertise in thermophysical metrology and characterization.
Key Personnel:
Wolfgang Hohenauer, head of department for Thermal-Management, Mag.rer.nat. University of Innsbruck, 1988, Theoretical Plasma Physics; Dr.-Ing. Technical University of Aachen, FRG, 1996, Materials Engineering. At the Plansee AG in Reutte/Austria he was member of the R&D group and responsible scientist for thermal coating development from 1989 till 1994. Under a contract of the Plansee AG and the Austrian Friedrich Schiedel Foundation of Energy Technique he joined Jülich Research Center as a guest scientist for three years. He participated in Jülich´s fusion programme and was engaged in the development of actively cooled plasma facing components. In 1997 he joined the Austrian Research Centre Seibersdorf as head of department for Thermal-Management with special emphasis on the thermophysical metrology and characterisation of materials and components.

CNR – Istituto di Metrologia di "G. Colonnetti” (IMGC), Italy

IMGC was founded in 1954. It is the National Standards Institute for thermal and mechanical quantities and comprises about 110 persons. The main task is scientific and technical metrology, the primary step being the establishment and maintenance of national standards, involv­ing, more in general, and the development of methods for accurate measurement and innovative technologies and methodologies. The Institute partici­pated to several national and international Projects, co-ordinating several of them. It has a growing activity, in addition to temperature metrology, in measurements of thermophysical and chemical-physical properties. These activities are in strict connections with all the main metrological and technical Bodies in the world.

Key Personnel:
Franco Pavese, Dr., University degree in Engineering in 1967. Principal Scientist (Dirigente di ricerca) of the National Research Council. Main scientific activities: chemical-physics in cryogenics, mostly in the field of thermal metrology, mathematical and statistical methods in thermal metrology and data acquisition. Wide international experience (round-robin and project co-ordinator, committee member (EU ERBCHECCT940254, ERBFMMACT970244 and G6RD-CT 1999-00114, G6RT-CT-2001-05061, INTAS 2000-0476, VAMAS, IUPAC, CCT-CIPM, Conferences); stages abroad; 10 Books, Monographs and book chapters and 130 full scientific papers, almost all international. 4 Patents and know-how licences and national acknowledged activities. Head of the Thermometric Department of the IMGC and of the cryogenic research group. President of the CCT WG on the key comparisons and member of the CCT WG on Uncertainty.
Mauro Battuello, Senior researcher with 27-years activity at IMGC in thermometry and thermal properties measurements. Author and co-author of more than 60 publications on related topics. Responsible for the IMGC activity in radiation thermometry and thermal radiative properties. He participated in several European founded projects in the relevant fields (e.g., from 1983 to 1993 in 4 different BCR projects and since 1997 in the TRIRAT Project of the SMT4 programme).
Piero Marcarino, Senior researcher with 38-years activity at IMGC in contact thermometry. Author and co author of more than 70 publications on related topics. Responsible for the IMGC activity in contact thermometry from – 189,3442 °C to 1084,62 °C. He participated in several European projects in the field (coordinator, or pilot, in 3 BCR projects and 2 EUROMET projects, participating in other 6 EUROMET projects).
Gian Carlo Bussolino: Doctor in Electronic Engineering (1983). Researcher at the Istituto di Metrologia since 1984. Responsible of the thermophysical properties research activities since 2000. Fields of Interest: pulse technique for measurement of properties of electrical conductors at high temperature, high temperature materials, high speed pyrometry, high speed data acquisition. Author or co-author of 43 papers.
Francesco Righini, consultant, previously Director of Research at IMGC. Doctor in Physics from University of Torino (1968). Leader of thermophysical property group at IMGC (1971-2000). Italian member in the Management Committee of COST510 "Advanced Materials for Temperatures above 1500°C" (1992-1997). Chairman of IMEKO Technical Committe 12 on temperature and thermal measurements xince 1993. Founder of Associazione Italiana Proprietà Termofisiche (AIPT), president of AIPT (1994-1998) and Treasurer of AIPT since 1998. Member of the Editorial Board of Int. J Thermophysics, High Temp - High Press, Measurement.

University of Stuttgart Institut für Kernenergetik und Energiesysteme – Stuttgart (IKE), Germany

Institut für Kernenergetik und Energiesysteme (IKE), University of Stuttgart (USTUTT)

IKE is an institute of the University of Stuttgart and has long experience in the field of thermophysical properties and radiation thermometry, as documented by many publications and participation in a large number of projects. Examples are two ongoing EU projects:
- Certification of High Temperature Ceramic Reference Material (HTCRM-SMT4-CT98-2253

- Thematic Network: Microstructural Engineering by Solidification Processing (MEBSP-BRT CT98 5073).

Equipment to measure thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, electrical resistivity, and emissivity are also available as well as a calibration laboratory for radiation thermometers accredited by the German Calibration Service (DKD). The reliability of measurements has been confirmed by good agreement with other laboratories during the participation of several different international inter-comparison programs. A database for thermophysical properties (THERYST) has been established in the frame of a national project. The content consisting of more than 8 000 data sets for a great variety of properties and materials will be made available to EVITherM.
Key Personnel:
Guenther Neuer, Dipl. Ing., Dr. Ing. Graduated with Diploma in 1965 in mechanical engineering from the University of Stuttgart, Germany; Dr. Ing. in 1972 in development of emissivity measurement technique from University of Stuttgart. Since that time at IKE now as vice head of the department of "Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion", head of the "Thermophysical properties group", and leader of the DKD-calibration laboratory. More than 60 publications in scientific journals and as book contributions. Participation in a great number of national and international research projects mostly in a leading function. Member of executive committee of European Conference of Thermophysical Properties, editorial board of High Temperatures-High Pressures, and head of the Expert Group “Applied Radiation Thermometry” in the VDI/VDE-GMA
Ruediger Brandt, Dipl.-Ing staff scientist. Diploma in mechanical engineering in 1970 at the University of Stuttgart. Working as a research scientist in the field of thermophysical properties since more than 30 years, especially emissivity, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity/diffusivity, and electrical resistivity measurements. Experience in the design and operating of databases (THERSYST). Numerous publications in scientific journals and among others co-author of an extensive literature study on thermal conductivity and emissivity of solid UO₂ published by CINDAS, USA.

Laboratoire National d'Essais, Paris, France

The LNE is one of the five national reference laboratories of the French Bureau National de Métrologie (BNM). BNM-LNE maintains and improves national standards in the fields of mechanical, thermal, optical, and chemical quantities. Part of the activities of BNM-LNE is to carry out research, to improve standards and develop new calibration or testing techniques in the field of:

Contact thermometry

Non contact thermometry

Thermal conductivity and diffusivity

Calorimetry

Radiative properties of materials
Key Personnel:
Eric Devin studied at the Engineer school at the University of Orsay. He has over 12 years experience of contact thermometry at medium and high temperatures. He became Head of Temperature Standards in 1993 and is responsible for the management of the French BNM programme of research and development with respect to temperature. He is intimately involved in the dissemination of ITS-90 in France and actively participates in the French Accreditation Service (COFRAC).
Jean-Rémy Filtz is employed as engineer by BNM-LNE in 1987, Jean-Rémy Filtz received his PhD in heat transfer from the University Pierre & Marie Curie of Paris, France in 1993. He spent several years as project leader in infrared radiometry. He worked for 6 years in the Pyrometry

section. He became Head of the Optical Radiation Metrology Division in 1996. Activities covered are: Radiometry, Optical Pyrometry, and Thermal Properties of Materials.

Bruno Hay graduated in 1990 from the Engineer school at the University of Poitiers (France) with a speciality in heat transfer. In 1991, he graduated in aerodynamics from ENSMA engineer school. Employed at BNM-LNE since 1992, he is now in charge of Thermal Properties of Materials unit.
Jacques Hameury graduated in 1986 from the University of Reims (France) with a speciality in heat transfer. Employed at BNM-LNE since 1988, he is now in charge of the Radiative Properties of Materials unit.

PLG Consulting, UK

A self-employed consultant specialising in thermal technologies and semiconductors, Phill Giles has a BSc in Chemistry from University College London (1969) and studied X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy there. He published papers in III-V material growth while at Plessey Research and Managed a laser and FET chip manufacturing plant in Plessey III-V. During this period he was heavily involved with designing industrial thermal processing equipment. Following this, as Technical Director of Instron SFL he led numerous projects solving thermal problems for industry and institutions around the world. Combined with an understanding of commercial manufacturing, he has an intimate knowledge of the state of thermal processing in industry and is a strong advocate of the need to support engineers in process industries who do not have a background in thermal technologies.

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany

PTB is the national institute for science and technology and the highest technical authority of the Federal Republic of Germany in the field of metrology and physical safety engineering. It is the successor to the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt founded in Berlin in 1887 and comes under the auspices of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology. The PTB has about 1550 regular staff members, 420 employees have undergone scientific training.

The most important task of the PTB is to realise and maintain the legal units in compliance with the International System of Units (SI) and to disseminate them. Thus the PTB’s main competence is in the field of metrology, i.e. measurements of highest precision and reliability. In accordance with these guidelines and its scientific and technical competence, all activities concern the four fields: (1) Fundamentals of Metrology with the aim of extending scientific knowledge and promotion of technological innovations, (2) Metrology for the area regulated by law, thus promoting customer protection and better safeguarding the living conditions of the citizens, (3) Metrology for Industry, promoting the metrological infrastructure for quality assurance and increase of competitiveness, and (4) International cooperation to ensure worldwide coherence of measures and removing technical barriers to trade. In this latter field the PTB cooperates with other national metrology institutes within EUROMET on the regional European level and on the international level within the framework of the Metre Convention.
PTB’s expertise and knowledge is connected with its experience in numerous previous SMT and BCR projects.
Key personnel:
Joachim Fischer obtained the MSc degree in physics in 1981 from University of Stuttgart and the PhD degree in physics from the Technical University of Berlin in 1985. Since 1982 he has been with the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1986 he joined the section temperature radiation of PTB. He was responsible for realisation and dissemination of the International Temperature Scale using optical methods and for the PTB scale of spectral radiance. Since 2001 he is heading the Department “Temperature and Heat” of PTB.

Joachim Seidel, MSc, PhD. Graduated in physics from the Technical University Hannover in 1968. PhD in physics from University Duesseldorf in 1974, habilitation in theoretical physics at University Duesseldorf in 1981, outside lecturer at the Technical University Berlin since 1982. Staff scientist at PTB since 1979. In charge of the Project “Theoretical High-Temperature Physics” from 1980 to 1997, head of the Department “High-Temperature Physics and Vacuum” since 1997.

The Robert Gordon University (RGU), UK

The primary mission of the RGU is to provide tertiary education in a wide area of subjects relevant to the manufacturing and service industries. The principal funding is from grants of the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council. However, the RGU has several business branches that operate as fully commercial companies and give their profits back to the RGU. An example is the Offshore Survival Training Centre run by the RGIT Ltd. This and the Departments of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Design and Architecture maintain close links with various industries, including North Sea oil production.

The RGU has several Research Centres that are wholly or largely funded by external income from research contracts linked to the needs of industry. The Food Science and Technology Research Centre assists the food industry in improving the quality and safety of food products. Temperature is the single most important variable determining the state of all foods. Therefore the measurement and mathematical modelling of heat transfer and the thermal properties and measurement of the temperature of foods and related materials (for example packaging and thermal insulation) feature prominently in the work-programme of the Centre.


Key personnel:
Paul Nesvadba obtained a Ph.D. in Physics (thermal switching effects in semiconductors) from the University of Warwick in 1973. From 1973 to 1975 he worked in the Material Research Laboratory of the General Electric Company (Stafford, UK), improving the thermal properties of glass and ceramics. From 1975 to 1996 he worked in the Physics Section of the laboratory of MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food) at Torry, Aberdeen, investigating thermal properties of foods and applying physical methods to monitoring and improving the quality of food during processing, storage and distribution.
His main interests are modelling of heat transfer during freezing and thawing of foods, creating software for predicting temperatures in foods and constructing databases of their physical properties. He is also active in the areas of supercooling of water-containing foods and beverages, ice crystallisation, glass transitions, physical methods and sensors for measuring the quality of fish and designing new immersion freezers with turbulent fluidisation heat transfer. Since 1993 he has co-ordinated four EU projects and taken part in several others related to thermal properties of foods. Since 1995 he has been the Chairman of the Food Focused Interest group of T²PAC (Temperature and Thermophysical Properties Awareness Club of the NPL). The achievements are software COSTHERM, SURFHEAT and HEATSOLV for predicting thermal properties and behaviour of foods and an on-line database of physical properties of foods (http://www.nelfood.com) that is widely used by the industry.

Therm@l Consulting, France

Therm@l Consulting is a 3 year-old consulting company specialising in thermal analysis and calorimetric techniques. It has an extensive expertise in calorimetric applications in very varied industrial area (polymers, chemicals, food, pharmaceuticals, ceramics etc.), training, seminar and conference organisation, and for standardisation work and technology transfer.

Key personnel:
Dr Pierre Le Parlouër, the founder of the company, has more than 20 years experience with the French company SETARAM, the world calorimetry leader, as successively application manager, R&D manager, and general manager.
He is now consulting for different thermal companies (mainly SETARAM) and has established collaboration with different laboratories (CNRS, IFP) for the development of new calorimeters. Pierre Le Parlouër is president of the French group of thermal analysis and calorimetry (AFCAT) and the French convenor of ICTAC (International Confederation of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry). He is also the international ISO convenor for thermal analysis (TC61/SC5/WG8) and author of numerous scientific articles/conferences on the subject.

Air Products plc, UK

Air Products was founded by the late Leonard P. Pool in 1940 in Detroit, Michigan, on the strength of a simple, but then revolutionary, idea: the "on-site" concept of producing and selling industrial gases, primarily oxygen. At the time, most oxygen was sold as a highly compressed gas in cylinders that weighed five times more than the gas product. Air Products proposed building oxygen gas generating facilities adjacent to large-volume gas users, thereby reducing distribution costs. The concept of piping the gas directly from the generator to the point of use proved sound and technically solvable.

In the intervening years, the company has expanded its business through internal development and acquisitions. Today, Air Products, with operations in over 30 countries and annual sales of $5.7 billion, provides industrial gases and related equipment and services, and selected chemicals to a very diverse base of customers in the manufacturing, process and service industries. The company distinguishes itself through its 18,000 employees around the world, who build lasting relationships with their customers based on understanding, integrity and passion. Air Products ranks 324th in sales and 279th in total assets among FORTUNE magazine's April 2001 list of the 500 largest corporations in the U.S. Corporate headquarters are at the company's 600-acre campus in eastern Pennsylvania's Lehigh Valley, near Allentown; European headquarters are at Hersham, near London; and Asian headquarters are in Singapore, with offices in Tokyo and Hong Kong. It has a major presence in the UK, Holland, Belgium, France, Spain, Czech Republic, Poland Germany, Portugal, Italy and Ireland.
At the European Technology Group (ETG) based in Basingstoke UK, approximately 45 people are employed in developing gas applications One of the major applications areas is Cryogenics to the Foods and other Industries, this is led globally from ETG. Over 70% of the ETG staff have degrees or PhDs. The group, having over 50 patents in relevant application fields, serves a segment of Air products Business that has grown to over $200,000,000 globally, approximately 1/3rd of that total in Europe.
Approximately 45 people are employed in developing gas applications at the European Technology Group (ETG) based in Basingstoke UK. One of the major applications areas is Cryogenics to the Foods and other Industries. This is lead globally from ETG.
Key Personnel:
Jeremy P Miller (MinstR) leads the European Technology Group. He has 25 years in Cryogenic application development, heat transfer, temperature monitoring and control systems; and has 22 patents in the field of heat transfer and cryogenic applications.

Budapest University of Technology and Economics, (BUTE), Hungary

The main fields of research activity at the Institute of General and Analytical Chemistry in BUTE are analytical chemistry, materials characterisation and structural chemistry. The Institute has

been a well-known centre of development and application of thermal analysis methods for several decades. The team using thermoanalytical techniques now consists of 6 experts. Thermal analysis techniques are applied by the team for problems in inorganic chemistry and materials science, as well as for the characterisation of pharmaceuticals.
Key personnel:
Professor György Pokol is the leader of the team of thermal analysis at the Institute of General and Analytical Chemistry, and also Head of the Institute. He has more than 25 years experience in the development and application of thermal analysis methods in the fields of materials science and pharmaceuticals. He is author or co-author of more than 70 research articles and numerous conference papers, and has been principal investigator in several scientific and applied research projects. He was co-chairman of the 7^th European Symposium on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, and is President of ESTAC for the period 1998-2002.

Chauvin Arnoux Pyro-Contrôle (CAP), France

Pyro-Contrôle Chauvin Arnoux (CAP) is a division of Chauvin Arnoux, the European leader in electrical measurements. The production site is in Lyon, France. With more than 1200 employees, Chauvin Arnoux is a world-class supplier of electrical hand-held equipment for testing and measuring, systems for controlling, metering and monitoring electrical networks, and temperature measurement and thermal control equipment.

As the Temperature and Measurement Division of Chauvin Arnoux, CAP provides its customers with thermal equipment for demanding process industries and translates all temperature and measurements needs into industrial solutions, in order to bring these contributions:
- high technology temperature sensors, of standardised definition, or on specification sheets

- calibration services in temperature metrology (COFRAC-accredited 2-1385, range –20°C up to 1550°C

- instruments for temperature control and regulation systems for optimising process control.
For the petrochemicals, chemicals, pharmacy, glass industry, metallurgy, aeronautics, nuclear industry, food and food processing, semi-conductor and other industries, and from standard equipment to made-to-measure products, CAP sensors have all the essential metrological qualities.
Key Personnel:
Thierry Vigneron, General Manager. Born 1958. 1981 Graduated from Ecole Centrale de Lyon. Has managed several major industrial projects in different areas: oxygen unit, paper industry, mechanicals, steel foundry. Since 1993 at Pyro-Contrôle, which became Chauvin Arnoux Pyro-Contrôle in early 1997. Development of COFRAC activities, tools for designing and manufacturing temperature sensors adapted to the specific needs of each customer, development of control equipments product line, and now development on the international market with innovative products are some milestones in his career.

Centro Español de Metrologia (CEM), Spain

The CEM was created by Royal Decree of March 27, 1985. Later, through the Law 31/1990 became a governmental and autonomous Organism with the following tasks:

- Creation, maintenance and development of the national measurements Standards.

- Performance the functions of the State Administration to the National and EC metrological control.

- Maintenance of the Metrological Control Record.

- Conduct research and development projects of metrological nature.

- Training specialists in metrology.
Now the structure of CEM has seven technical Areas, one of them is the Temperature Area.
Key personnel:
Vicente Chimenti Ruiz, Head of the Temperature division of CEM. Graduated in 1966 as Aeronautical engineer from the Polytechnic School of Madrid. Worked two years in solar energy, one at Marseille University. From 1969 till 1989 work at Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial INTA, one year in aeronautical instrumentation after development of the Temperature and Pressure Calibration Laboratories, in 1985 head of the Calibration Division of INTA. Employed at CEM since 1989.

Ceram Research Ltd, UK

CERAM is a fully independent company based in the UK providing technical consultancy, research & development services information services and specialised testing to the ceramics industry since 1948. It employs 180 staff and has a wide range of customers at all points in the ceramic product supply chain all over the world.

CERAM has a well-established history of evaluating the properties, consultancy and processing of ceramic materials for a wide range of applications. These include technical ceramics, particulates, building bricks, refractory materials, glass, tiles, tableware and sanitaryware.
CERAM has built expertise in the testing and mathematical modelling of materials, process optimisation and business re-engineering. Expertise includes thermal and thermomechanical finite element analysis, factorial experimental design, thermal m.
In addition, CERAM is increasingly delivering advice and services electronically through its Website; www.ceram.co.uk
CERAM staff are very experienced in collaborative projects run both through UK government and European Commission funding as well as ensuring effective dissemination of project results and have previously been involved in the development of a thermophysical property database.

Key personnel:
Sarah Baxendale obtained BSc Hons in Chemistry from Keele University and has been employed by CERAM for the past 12 years. Sarah is High Temperature Applications Group Leader in the Process and Materials Division and is responsible for delivery of commercial contracts involving thermal and mechanical testing of a variety of refractory, advanced ceramics and composite materials. Through this role she has contacts in a variety of industrial sectors.
In a consultancy capacity Sarah is involved with post mortem analysis of refractory materials for a variety of vessel types many of which have involved obtaining and comparing thermal and mechanical test data.
She has previously managed a funded UK government project to set up a thermophysical property database.
John Cotton obtained a degree in Physics and has over 30 years with CERAM on advanced ceramic materials. John is a section manager within the Process and Materials division of CERAM and is involved in securing commercial and funded contracts and through this role has contacts in a variety of industrial sectors. John has previously secured a funded UK government project to set up a thermophysical property database.
John Burnett is a director of CERAM and also divisional manager of CERAM’ s Process and Materials division with has a background in production engineering. John is project manager of a major European initiative to cover the needs of the ceramic industry in the future and chairman of

Ceramic manufacturing improvement club. Through these roles John has many contacts within the ceramics industry.

Institut National de Métrologie BNM-INM/CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, France

The Institut National de Métrologie (BNM-INM), housed within the CNAM, is one of five national metrology laboratories which make up the BNM. The CNAM is a major public institution of higher education and research, and comes under the French Ministry of Education, Research and Technology. BNM-INM is comprised of about 40 people: university lecturers, engineers, technicians, administrative staff and research students. It is responsible for the establishment of the French National Standards for four of the seven basic SI physical quantities (length, mass, temperature and light intensity). Within this framework, the INM’s mission concerns the realisation and conservation of the national standards and the undertaking of associated research. These activities are linked to the activities of COFRAC via the French calibration infrastructure, and to the activities of BIPM.

Key personnel:
Marc Himbert graduated in atomic and quantum physics form Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. He is presently Director of BNM-INM. He is also professor Metrology in CNAM, where he is responsible for the engineer program in measurement science, and for the graduate program in Laser metrology. Laser physics, atomic physics, metrology, evaluation of uncertainty in measurement, research, and assessment of the international traceability [90 ref.].
Georges Bonnier. Deputy Director of the INM and Head of the Temperature department. President of CCT WG3 on Uncertainty. Development of the French National Standards in the field of temperature and assessment of the international traceability. He is deeply involved in all the aspects of uncertainty evaluation in metrological data. [80 ref].

Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, University of Pisa (IPCF), Italy

Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici (IPCF, Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes)

IPCF is one among the about 100 scientific institutes of the Italian National Research Council (CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche). It was established in September 2000, as a joint operation of 5 already existing research institutes, based in Bari, Messina and Pisa, all involved in physics, chemistry physical chemistry and in light-matter interaction, as well as in spectroscopy and other analytical techniques; the headquarters are located in Pisa. Workforce consists in about 150 scientists and supporting personnel. It has also developed and patented innovative equipment for calorimetry. Within this framework, T-Lab performs research activities in thermodynamics, calorimetry and thermal analysis.
Key personnel:
Giuseppe Salvetti. Graduated in Physics, now Senior Researcher of CNR. Experience in thermal characterisation of organic and inorganic materials, chemical and physical processes, development of novel instrumentation (MASC- Modulated Adiabatic Scanning Calorimeter-; SITA- Simultaneous Impedance and Thermal Analyser-). Responsible of a programme of the Italian Ministry of Education and Research on technology transfer to SME’s, including continuous technical education and e-training.
Nicola Minnaja. Graduated in 1961 in Physics at Pisa University and Scuola Normale Superiore. Formerly researcher in electronic and chemical industries (the last is Eniricerche); now consultant for CNR as liaison person with European programmes. Experience in assistance to SME’s for introduction of novel or transferred technologies from technical and business point of view.

DSM Research, Netherlands

DSM is a highly integrated group of companies that is active worldwide in life science products, performance materials, polymers and industrial chemicals. The Dutch group has annual sales of €8.1 billion and employs about 22,000 people at more than 200 sites worldwide. At DSM Research, the company’s central R&D organisation, research is carried out in the various fields that are relevant to the company.

Key personnel:
Vincent B.F. Mathot is Senior Scientist in ‘Crystallisation & Morphology’ at DSM, The Netherlands, Professor at the Catholic University of Leuven (K.U.L.), Belgium, and Visiting Professor at the Eindhoven University of Technology (TUE)/Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI). His main research topics are related to molecular structure, crystallisation and melting, morphology, thermal properties and determination of the relationships between these topics with regard to polymeric systems. He is the organiser and lecturer at various courses on ‘Crystallisation & Morphology’ and ‘Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry’. He is a member of the Editorial Board of Thermochimica Acta, member of the Council of the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ICTAC), member of the ICTAC Education Committee and former chair and board member of the Dutch Thermal Analysis Working Group (TAWN). He has also been a member of EC-sponsored programmes including Copernicus I: Temperature-Modulated Techniques, and Esprit: HPCN-enabled Tomographic Analysis with Scanning Microscopy (TASM).

Institut für Keramische Technologien und Sinterwerkstoffe (IKTS), Germany

The Fraunhofer Institute of Ceramic Technologies and Sintered Materials (IKTS), Dresden (Germany), is a part of the Fraunhofer Society, the largest organisation in applied research in Germany (has about 10,000 researchers and employees).

In the field of advanced high performance ceramics the IKTS is focused on the development of new materials and technologies, the preparation of prototypical components and their tests in new applications. The research of the IKTS Dresden covers the complete set of technological steps from powder synthesis and processing (including coating technologies) up to thermal treatment and surface finish.
The IKTS has outstanding equipment and experience in the field of characterisation of the thermal behaviour of materials (changing during their production) and of the thermal properties of the products (high temperature thermophysical characterisation and process modelling). The laboratory for thermal analysis of the IKTS is accredited according to EN DIN 54001. It is well equipped for this project. Important facilities in this field are equipment for measuring thermophysical properties including thermomechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal expansion coefficient, density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity.
Key personnel:
Gert Leitner, staff scientist, MSc, PhD. Graduated in physics in 1964 from Technical University in Dresden, Germany. PhD in 1971 from Technical University in Dresden. Working 1971-1991 in the Central Institute of Solid State Physics, Dresden, of the Academy of Sciences (Powder metallurgy, thermal analysis). Employed since 1992 in the Fraunhofer IKTS (Powder metallurgy, thermal analysis).

Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) of Lyon, France

The Thermal Centre of Lyon (CETHIL) was established in 1982. CETHIL is a French thermal research laboratory linked to the INSA of Lyon, with the University of Lyon and with the National Center of the Scientifical Research (CNRS). The number of employees is about 40 persons, including permanent staff in the faculties, scientists, technical and administrative staffs, and scientists of limited tenure, including post-doctoral scientists and PhD and Masters students in Engineering Sciences.

CETHIL has a strong relation with the economic environment, 85% of its budget resulting from its own research, directly led for more than 50% with industries. It is also skilled in training of engineers and scientists. Its research topics are radiation and coupled heat transfer, transfers with liquid vapour phase changes, materials and interface thermal sciences, buildings physics and associated systems, heating and aerology, system energetics and thermal sciences. They concern not only the fundamental sciences but also applications and development.
Key personnel:
Jean-François SACADURA, Director of the CETHIL, full Professor INSA. Mechanical Engineer from INSA in 1963. PhD from the University of Lyon in 1970. Docteur d’Etat et Sciences from INSA de Lyon in 1980. Full Professor INSA in the Mechanical Engineering Department since 1983. Director of CETHIL since 1997.
Martin RAYNAUD, full Professor INSA since 1996. PhD from the University of Paris VI in 1984, Head of Thermophysics team at CETHIL since 2000.
Séverine GOMES, staff scientist for the CNRS, Physics PhD. Graduated in physics in 1996 from the University of Reims in France. PhD in scanning thermal microscopy from the University of Reims in 1999. Employed by the CNRS at CETHIL since 2001.

Institute of Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences (IP SAS), Slovakia

IPSAS is an independent, non-profit institute, established in 1957 by Prof. D. Ilkovic, the collaborator of the Nobel Prize laureate Prof. J. Heyrovsky. The main research areas in Solid State Physics are metallic glasses, thin film multilayers and surface phenomena, ionic superconductors, and optical fibres. Particular emphasis is given to special diagnostic methods like deep-level transient spectroscopy, scanning tunnelling microscopy, transient methods of measurement of thermophysical properties, positron annihilation techniques, atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The institute offers PhD courses in the above-mentioned research fields and has been involved in a series of EU projects, NATO projects and collaborative projects within various grant agencies (DFG, NSF, Fulbright, etc.). Close collaboration was established with research centres such as JINR Dubna, CERN and GSI Darmstadt. The Department of Thermophysics is concerned with investigation of the heat transport mechanism in materials, especially porous materials and composites, and in study of the structural changes. The activities are concentrated with the sintering processes, polymerisation and casting. The laboratory has collected large experience in the investigation of the thermophysical properties of a broad range of materials (glasses, ceramics, alloys, foams, polymers, materials used in civil engineering, etc.). The staff of the laboratory have developed instruments “Thermophysical Transient Tester”, models RT 1.02 and RTB 1.0, that are based on pulse transient method. Instruments are result of knowhow of the staff laboratory and the requirements coming from industry. The instrument Thermo-physical Transient Tester RT 1.02 was awarded the International Chemical Fair “INCHEBA 2000” in Bratislava in 2000.

Key personnel:
Ľudovít Kubičár, Dipl.-Ing., DSc. Graduated in 1963 at Slovak Technical University, PhD in 1970 and DSc in 1990, both at Institute of Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences. He is active in theoretical and experimental research, application of the research outputs in industry and as a supervisor of PhD students and Diploma projects. He obtained “The Thermal Conductivity Award” during the 26^th ITCC/14^th ITES, Cambridge MA, August 7, 2001. He participated in numerous international projects and has membership of societies: European Materials Research Society (E-MRS, since 1994), The Minerals, Metals and Materials Research Society (TMS since 1996), and The Materials Information Society (ASM, since 1996).
Vlastimil Boháč, staff scientist, MSc. - Slovak Technical University – Department of Microelectronics (1984) - specialisation: electro-physical methods and devices. Ph.D. – Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences (1994) - dissertation on Atomic transport in amorphous metallic glasses. Experience in spectroscopic methods, development of transient methods for characterisation of thermophysical properties of materials, testing methods, design of measurement software and laboratory database. Author and co-author of more than 30 scientific papers, published in SCI journals as well as in conference proceedings. Participated in various international projects including EU project. Study stays at University of Venice, IMGC Torino, University of Firenze, Italy, JINR Dubna, Russia, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg.
Viliam Vrenetár, MSc. - Slovak Technical University – Department of Physics (2000); specialisation: electro-material engineering/ solid state physics, diploma project: Measurement and computer simulation of electrophysical properties of MOS diodes. Current state: PhD student (thesis - Measurement of the thermophysical parameters of Al2O3 in dependence of sintering processes).

Institut Químic de Sarrià, (IQS), Spain

The Institut Químic de Sarrià, (IQS) is a higher school founded by the Jesuits in 1916 in Sarrià, on that time near, and now in Barcelona (Spain). It is one of the founders of the Ramon Lull University (URL), the first private university that existed in Spain. It hosts the first safety laboratory of calorimetry (reaction and adiabatic calorimetry) in Spain, in the Chemical Engineering Department.

Key personnel:
Prof. Dr. Rosa Nomen is teaching Applied Thermodynamics in the Chemical Engineering department. She has created a research group about the risk assessment of chemical processes. She is the co-ordinator of Harsnet, a virtual institute on hazard assessment for highly reactive systems, including the calorimetric techniques. Prof. Nomen is the Spanish councillor at the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ICTAC), vice-president to the European Symposium on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ESTAC), and scientific editor of the Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.

University of Ljubljana Laboratory of Metrology and Quality (LMK), Slovenia

University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Metrology and Quality (UL/FE/LMK). The Laboratory of Metrology and Quality (LMK) is the national standards laboratory for thermometry in Slovenia. It is part of the Slovenian distributed metrology system. As a university laboratory its role is also education of students in electrical engineering and research. LMK is in charge of a four-year graduate study program “Quality Engineering”. The laboratory is active in metrology (accredited according to ISO/IEC 17025 for various activities in the field of thermometry) and testing.

Key personnel:
Prof. Dr. Janko Drnovšek is head of the LMK and president of the governing board of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering. He is also the president of the Slovenian metrology council and Slovenian delegate to EUROMET, IMEKO, a member of the High Level Expert Group HLEG at DG Research and Slovenian contact person to the Interdisciplinary Metrology Group of EUROMET.
Jovan Bojkovski, B.Sc. is technical manager for calibration activities of LMK and is responsible for technical aspects in the field of thermometry. He is also Slovenian delegate to IMEKO TC-12 and to EUROMET contact person for thermometry.
Igor Pušnik, M.Sc. is quality manager for calibration activities of LMK. He has experiences with the set-up of quality systems and is responsible for maintenance of the quality system of the LMK.
Valentin Batagelj, M.Sc. and Domen Hudoklin, M.Sc are software experts and are responsible for development and maintenance of the software system in LMK. Gaber Begeš, B.Sc. is head of testing activities of LMK and is responsible for testing of safety of household and similar electrical appliances.

NutriFreeze Ltd, UK

NutriFreeze is an SME performing research and development projects for the food industry. It is directed by Dr Chris Kennedy. NutriFreeze was formed following the successful operation of the BioFreeze unit at the University’s of York and Leeds, providing consultancy and product development for members of the chilled and frozen food industry. The company has developed thermometers for use in the domestic and retail environment and is currently extending this range for or use throughout the cold chain. We are also involved in the development of new chilling equipment for the food industry together with a major multinational equipment supplier. The company has an established relationship with experts in the Microbiology and Food Science departments of the University of Leeds who provide facilities for nutritional and microbial analysis of new techniques under development at NutriFreeze.

Key personnel:
Chris Kennedy obtained his Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Lancaster in 1984. From 1984 to 1993 he pursued a career in Ultra Low Temperature Physics in a number of international laboratories including Bayreuth, University of California Berkeley, The University of Lancaster and The Oersted Institute in Copenhagen. The focus of all these projects was the development of new refrigeration techniques and the measurement of temperatures in previously unattained temperature regimes.
In 1993 he founded the BioFreeze Unit at The University of York. The Unit aimed to export academic expertise in refrigeration, to companies working in the frozen food and medical sector. He was appointed as a senior lecturer in the Proctor Department of Food Science at the University of Leeds in 1996 and continued to provide research on heat transport, control of the food chain and the development of new chilling and freezing technology for the food industry. He was a member of several European programmes and coordinated a concerted action on the maintenance of quality and safety in frozen food distribution with 30 partners from European Industry and academia. He has presented REUTER lectures on cold chain management to SME’s in almost all member states of the European Union. The concerted action provided best practice guides for manufacturers and distributors of frozen food, which were distributed in 6 languages, as well as consumer guides on the handling of frozen foods.
NutriFreeze was founded in October 2000 and promotes scientific excellence in research for the chilled and frozen food industry.

Oesterreichisches Giesserei-Institut, Austria

Österreichisches Giesserei-Institut (OGI), Leoben (A). The OGI is the non-profit joint research institute of the Austrian foundry industry. The OGI is quite consciously, a non-university place of research, a conjunction of theory and practice with practical problems faced by industry at the forefront. Its role has always been to support foundries to compete at the world market.

Modern laboratories support the foundry research, the OGI is an accredited testing laboratory for selected mechanical, thermophysical, chemical and metallurgical properties. The institute is the centre of excellence for numerical simulation of fluid flow and solidification in Austria.
The OGI offers its services to foundries and users of castings, designers and engineers, working with industry on specific questions of materials, quality assurance, complaints, damage evaluation and training of new techniques. It also offers conferences and workshops.
Key personnel:
Erhard Kaschnitz, staff scientist, Dipl.-Ing., Dr. Graduated in 1988 from Technical University Graz in physics. Obtained his PhD in 1992 from Technical University Graz. during 1993-1994 was guest scientist with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, and since 1994 has been a scientist at OGI, leader of the numerical simulation working group and the thermophysical properties laboratory (accredited).

NMi-Van Swinden Laboratorium (NMi-VSL), Delft, Netherlands

NMi van Swinden Laboratorium B.V. is the Dutch national standards laboratory. NMi-VSL is an independent commercial institute that by contract with the Economic Affairs Department realises and maintains the Dutch National Measurement Standards. NMi stock has since early 2001 been acquired by the TNO organisation from the Economic Affairs Department. The institute develops and maintains the primary national, physical and chemical standards. It carries out high-accuracy calibrations of the measuring equipment of its customers. It is the link between the international metrological infrastructure and measuring techniques in Dutch industries, laboratories and institutes. NMi-VSL operates as an independent research organisation, owned by TNO. In short, NMi-VSL is a provider of traceable calibrations for accredited laboratories, research and development and consultancy, both nationally and internationally.

Key Personnel:
Martin J. de Groot, staff scientist, Dr, Graduated in Solid State Physics in 1986 from the Free University of Amsterdam. Has 15 years experience in thermometry and humidity standards development. He has been coordinator of several EU-funded projects and is chairman of the EUROMET Technical Committee of contact persons involved in thermal metrology. He is primary and co-author of many research papers on thermal metrology and humidity has acted as rapporteur for several CIPM meetings of the Consultative Committee for Thermometry.

Raytek GmbH, Germany

Founded in 1990, Raytek GmbH is in Berlin, Germany. It is the European headquarters of the worldwide operating Raytek Group. Raytek GmbH has 100 employees and designs, manufactures, markets and services a complete line of infrared, non-contact temperature measurement instruments for industrial process control and maintenance applications.

Raytek has a team of electrical, mechanical, optical and software engineers with years of experience in infrared thermometry development. Raytek engineers have expertise in many critical technologies, from infrared components to analogue and digital electronics, multi-level software and advanced calibration methods. Raytek successfully manages these technologies from prototype development through to pilot production. Raytek insists on cost saving designs coupled with the highest operating performance, allowing effective penetration into new markets with quality, value-priced products.
As a manufacturer of radiation thermometers with worldwide sales the Raytek Engineering and Marketing group has an excellent overview of the manufacturers, distributors and retailers of radiation thermometers in Europe. Raytek is also familiar with the European service providers for radiation thermometry.

Key personnel:
Klaus-Dieter Gruner, VP Marketing, PhD. Graduated in 1982 from Technical University Dresden with a Diploma in Electronic Technology, obtained his PhD in 1986 from Humboldt University Berlin in Electronics. during 1986 to 1990 was R&D Manager for Infrared Devices at Werk für Fernsehelektronik (Focal plane arrays, IR Imagers). Since 1991 has been employed as Sales and Marketing manager, including a 12-month stay at Raytek Headquarters in California.

Risø National Laboratory, Denmark

RISO (Risø National Laboratory) is a national laboratory under the Danish Ministry of Research and Information Technology. RISO is a broad-based research organisation in science and technology with primary research activities in energy, materials and the environment (ca. 905 employees in 7 programme areas, yearly budget 70 MEURO). RISO's main competence fields are industrial materials, new functional materials, optics and sensor systems, plant production and ecology, system analysis, wind energy and atmospheric processes and nuclear safety. The Optics and Fluid Dynamics Department performs basic and applied research within optics and non-linear dynamics, which includes fluids and plasmas. The scope is understanding physical phenomena as well as development of materials and systems for specific applications. This is done in connection with new sensors and measuring systems, the processing of spatial data, devising schemes for novel laser systems and information storage systems. The activities are often performed in collaboration with other research groups or industry.

Research activities in the programme on Optical Diagnostics and Information Processing comprise:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on surfaces, single particles, powders and hot gases

- Development of new algorithms and methods to determine chemical composition and temperature from spectra

- Non-intrusive diagnostics (laser & IR) in combustion systems, exhaust gases and industrial processes

- Temperature calibration of contact and non-contact sensors

- New biomedical applications based on the most recent progress in lasers and optical measurement techniques.
Relevant Expertise of Infrared Technology Section:
- Radiometric calibration of IR-systems and advanced FTIR systems

- Emission and transmission spectroscopy on hot gases from 293 K to 1273 K, gas calibration

- Thermovision including measurements on exhaust gases

- Flow measurements by laser Doppler velocimetry and other methods

- Development of scientific instrumentation, e.g. hot gas cells, blackbodies, fibre optic sensors, etc.

- Development of new methods and software for quantitative analysis of gases

- Exhaust gas measurements with fibre optics probes in combustors, gasifiers, flue gas, flames, etc.
Key personnel:
Sonnik Clausen (born 1962) became Master of Science, Mechanical construction, Aalborg University, 1987. PhD, FTIR emission spectroscopy for temperature measurement on particles, surfaces and gases, Chemical Lab V, Copenhagen University, 1996. Senior Scientist at Riso since 1998. From 1987 until now he has been employed at the Risø National Laboratory working with applied optical measuring systems including: laser diagnostics in combustion systems and flames (velocity measurements by LDA, flow visualisation, particle sizing), image processing, FTIR emissions spectroscopy (spectra on single burning particle, hot gas analysis, emissivity and temperature of surfaces, etc.), calibration of infrared measuring equipment and spectrometers, development of scientific instrumentation, intercomparisons of radiation thermometers and blackbodies, etc.
His experience includes project management, temperature calibration, field experiments and measurements in industrial processes and ad-hoc projects for customers. EU project experience: AEROPROFILE, TRIRAT, MENELAS (to start 2002).

Slovensky Metrologicky Ustav (SMU), Slovakia

Slovak Institute of Metrology (SMU) is a non-profit organisation founded by state (government) that develops and maintains the Slovak primary measurement standards and carries out research in the field of high-precision measurement techniques. It provides type approval, verification, calibration of measuring instruments and it provides trainings for specialists involved in metrology and measurements.

SMU permanently develops international co-operation and participates in activities of international metrological bodies and organisations: Consultative Committees: CIPM, OIML, EUROMET, DUNAMET, COOMET, EA, ISO, IEC.
SMU has participated in the co-ordination and running of projects within PHARE, EUROMET, DUNAMET, COOMET, TEMPUS, bilateral projects (PTB, NIST, NMi, etc.) and the Slovak Ministry of Environment.
Key personnel:
Stanislav Ďuriš, MSc, PhD., staff scientist, director of Centre of Thermometry, Photometry and Radiometry of the SMU. Graduated in 1983 from Slovak University of Technology (Bratislava, Slovakia) as Mechanical Engineer. PhD. in 1992 from the same university in measurement technics. Responsible for national standard of temperature. Involved in the activities connected with the accreditation of temperature and heat laboratories. Employed at Slovak Institute of Metrology since 1984.
Peter Nemeček, staff scientist of SMU, MSc, PhD. Graduated in 1971 from Komensky University (Bratislava, Slovakia) with a major in applied physics and in 1976 from Palacky University (Olomouc, Czech Resp.) in optics. PhD in 1984 from Technical University of Slovakia (Bratislava) in measurement technics. Responsible for national standards in optical radiometry since 1997 and high temperature since 1998. Employed at Slovak Institute of Metrology since 1972.
Martin Halaj, MSc, PhD., staff scientist, university teacher. Graduated in 1990 from Slovak University of Technology (Bratislava, Slovakia) with a major in robotic science. PhD. in 2001 from the same university, focused on calibration of matrix sensors. Projects leader in educational programs (Tempus, Leonardo da Vinci) aimed to education in metrology. Author of several textbooks and number of scientific papers. Employed at STU since 1990 as university teacher. Cooperating with Slovak Institute of Metrology in thermometry for 5 years.

Swedish National Testing and Research Institute (SP), Sweden

SP is a state-owned company under the Ministry of Industry. SP is the national institute for technical evaluation, research, testing, certification, metrology and calibration and is working closely with large and small companies, universities, institutes of technology and other organisations. International research and co-operation plays an important role.

The number of employees is approximately 500. Roughly 45 % have a Master and/or PhD degree. SP is active in several different areas of technology which also forms the technical department of SP: fire technology, building technology, energy technology, physics and electrotechnics, chemistry and materials technology, mechanics, weight and measures and finally certification. Employees of SP are frequently used as technical experts by national accreditation authorities and as teachers by universities.
The department of Energy Technology has a vast competence and knowledge in the area of thermal and moisture transfer and long experience of thermal measurements. The staff have experience from several EU-projects.


Key personnel:
Per Ingvar Sandberg, PhD, professor, head of department. Born 14 April 1942. 1966 MSc in Civil Engineering, 1973 PhD in Building Technology, thesis on Moisture in buildings, Lund Institute of Technology. Since 1976 at the Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, head of departments of Building Physics and Energy Technology (today ca 85 employees). 1987-1999 adjunct professor in Building Physics at Lund Institute of Technology. More than 60 scientific papers, articles etc. in the areas of Building Physics, Thermal insulation, Indoor climate, Moisture and Climatic conditions. Active in several technical committees and working groups in national and international standardisation (CEN and ISO). Member of working groups and commissions in CIB, RILEM, IEA, IABSE etc.

Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), TNO Institute of Applied Physics (TPD), Netherlands

TNO is an independent not-for-profit contract research organisation, established by law, whose activity lies in translating technological knowledge into practical applications. Because of its

position and our mission, TNO forms a bridge between fundamental research and practical application. TNO's mission is to apply technological knowledge with the aim of strengthening the innovative power of industry and government. To fulfil its mission and bridge function, TNO is active in different areas varying from the development of knowledge to technology transfer. Among others, the core activities of TNO are:
- Knowledge development

- Utilisation of knowledge for clients in industry and in government

- Commercialisation of knowledge in cooperation with companies

- Technology transfer, especially to SMEs

TNO Institute of Applied Physics (TPD) is one of the 14 institutes of the TNO. TNO TPD aims to strengthen the competitiveness of its clients by innovative applications of technology. Technologies are: applied physics, informatics, optics, acoustics, mechanics, electronics, materials and process technology. TNO TPD has been designing and manufacturing heat flux sensors for several decades. Since the ‘60s it has produced and sold worldwide thousands of heat flux sensors, in every conceivable size and shape. TNO TPD is highly experienced in advising the customer to choose the right sensor type. Advanced computer models are available at TNO TPD to optimise applications or to develop new heat flux sensors. (Also participating in other European Commission projects: Safibre, Thermes, Sensocer, Windat.)
Key personnel:
Rik van der Graaf, senior research scientist, Ing. Graduated in 1969 from Polytechnic College Dordrecht, Physics department. Employed at TNO TPD since 1971 and involved with the development of thermal sensors and instruments like heat flux sensors, calorimeters (DTA and DSC), instruments for measuring thermal conductivity and since 1987 thermal mass flow sensors. Now, activities are focused on the development of new types thermal mass flow sensors, sensitive temperature-difference sensors and custom-built heat flux sensors.
Huib Blokland, research scientist, graduated in 1992 from Polytechnic College, Physics department. Research scientist in Delft University of Technology, Engineering Department, from 1992 to 1997 doing investigations in the transient mechanical behaviour of rubbers and plastics. Employed at TNO TPD since 1997. Involved in investigations in the field of thermal sensors, especially heat flux sensors and since 1999 has been doing the sales and consultancy for TNO standard heat flux sensors.

TU Graz, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Austria

The Institute for Experimental Physics (IEP) is part of the faculty of Technical and Natural Sciences at the Technical University of Graz (TU Graz), which consists of five Faculties. The working group Subsecond Thermophysics at the IEP is preferably concerned with the determination of thermophysical properties of solid and liquid metals such as data for enthalpy, temperature, electrical resistivity and density by means of a fast ohmic pulse heating technique.

Key Personnel
Gernot Pottlacher, staff scientist, PhD. Born 21.06.1956, PhD in 1987 from Technical University Graz, Austria, Habilitation 1999, doing thermophysics research since 1980, employed since 1982.

Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Milan (UNIMI), Italy

UNIMI is the largest Italian Department of Food Science and Technology, established in 1965 within the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Milan. It hosts one of the largest laboratories of calorimetry and thermal analysis in Italy, devoted to the characterisation of food systems and processes, also including microbial activity.

Key personnel:
Alberto Schiraldi, full professor of physical chemistry, is an expert of Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis. He was president of the Italian association of Calorimetry during January 1997 – December 2001 and member of the IUPAC Commission I.2 for Chemical Thermodynamics during January 1999 – December 2001. He was among the organisers of the XI Int. Conf. On Chemical Thermodynamics (Como, 1990). He has several years experience in supporting industrial enterprises requiring applications of calorimetry and thermal analyses and/or related training.

Department of Chemistry, University of Turin (UNITO), Italy

The Department of Chemistry IFM is one of the largest and most active of the University of Turin. It belongs with two other Chemical Departments to an Excellence Centre whose establishment by the Ministry of University and Research is in progress. In particular, it houses an internationally renowned laboratory of calorimetry and thermal analysis applied to the study of materials (metals and alloys), catalysis and solution chemistry. The laboratory, directed by Prof. G. Della Gatta, is devoted to the thermodynamic characterisation of molecules of biological interest as both pure compounds and solutes in water, and has been active since 1980.

Key personnel:
Giuseppe Della Gatta, full Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Turin, has a long experience in isothermal and differential scanning calorimetry as well as in running goal-oriented international and national research projects. He is author and co-author of more than 110 papers in refereed journals. First President and founder of the Italian Association of Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis (AICAT) in 1979, he has then been organiser and co-organiser of a number of Conferences, Meetings and Workshops of calorimetry and thermal analysis. He has also been member and coordinator of various national and international Groups and Associations in this field. Currently is the AICAT representative in the Council of ICTAC and chairman of its Liaison - International Relation Committee. Prof. Della Gatta is member of the Editorial Boards of Thermochimica Acta and Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics. In the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), he was Member of the Commission on Thermodynamics (I.2) and co-coordinator with Prof. I. Wadsö of the Project “Standard, calibration and guidelines in microcalorimetry”, Project No. 120/18/97.

Bavarian Centre for Applied Energy Research (ZAE), Germany

ZAE is a non-profit association, whose members are industrial enterprises, associations, individuals and public institutions. It has strategic alliances with different universities and research institutes. ZAE develops and investigates materials, components and systems for various applications in energy technology.

Profound expertise and a wide range of analytical tools are available for R&D in the fields of:
- energy related building/construction technology

- automotive transport

- energy supply for industrial processes

- aeronautics and space technology

- micro- and nanotechnologies.
The division "Thermal Insulation and Heat Transfer" pursues the development and optimisation of recyclable materials and highly efficient systems for thermal insulation. Especially evacuated thermal insulation’s and high temperature insulation’s are under development. Also conventional insulation’s made of fibres or foams and transparent insulation’s in solar architecture are investigated. The activities also include the caloric and infrared optical heat transfer measurements on all types of solid and liquid materials, the development and use of fast, dynamic measurement methods for thermal properties and the computer simulation of heat transfer

processes in complex systems. Furthermore, passive solar systems for daylighting and heating purposes are developed and optimised.

Key personnel:
Hans-Peter Ebert, received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Würzburg, Germany, in 1995. He joined the Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research in 1991. He is a specialist in heat transfer, in thermal insulation and in the characterization and optimisation of insulating systems under various conditions. In the past he worked on as different insulation materials. Since 1997 he is group leader of the thermal analysis section, which consists of hot-wire, Laserflash, MDSC and DSC facilities, dilatometer and a high-resolution thermography systems. Today one focal point of his work is the development of new high temperature insulants.