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2.1. An analysis by David Copperfilt by Charles Dickens
Social problems are a condition in society as a whole that society considers harmful or unfavorable, which is based on existing social values and in relation to which improvement is considered possible.
At this time, the researcher was interested in analyzing one of the popular novels, that is, David Copperfield by Charles Dickens, one of the greatest English writers of the Victorian era. Researcher analysis of social problems. He chooses this because it increases his knowledge and experience in solving human problems. David Copperfield is partly an autobiography of the writer, and this novel is considered the great Dickens novel. In addition, there are many types of social problems in this story.
This study then focused on identifying the type of social problems in David Copperfield. The researcher limits his research to the social problems that existed in nineteenth-century English society, as shown in the novel. This is a gap between social class, poverty, discrimination in education and unfair treatment of the working class.
To describe exactly how this research was conducted, the researcher uses literary reviews as his research idea in the novel by David Copperfield Charles Dickens. He uses a structural approach. The structural method is a method used to analyze a literary work by interpreting a text other than the text of the author and reader, and focusing only on the text.
In addition, in this novel, the researcher discovers social problems such as the gap between social classes, poverty, discrimination in education and unfair treatment in the working class.
The social class is divided into rich and poor. The social classes of the Victorian era, as described in the novel, are still divided into rich and poor, and we can see the differences in this society or the gap between social classes by observing their home and position. The Steerforts represent the rich people in David Copperfield with their beautiful home and good standing in society, so they can do whatever they want. As a rich woman, Mrs. Steerforth is very proud. She will never allow Emily to become her daughter-in-law, because they have a different status in society. Emily is just a poor woman, and she can't marry Emily's sons. Mrs Steerforth believes that if she marries Emily Steerforth, it could ruin her son's career and ruin his future. On the contrary, the Mikaubers live in poverty as representatives of the poor. They live in a house with very little furniture. Mr. Micuber doesn't have the money to buy food or furniture for his house.
Then the problems of poverty in David Copperfield were reflected in the lives of Martha Endell, David Copperfield and Mr. Micuber. We can find out by observing their housing and food. Martha lives in a poor London neighborhood among the garbage on the riverbank. Because of poverty, he suffered both physically and psychologically. David's house in Murdstone and Greenby's warehouse are very poor when he is forced to work there as a stepfather. The house is covered with dirt and mice. David, being a child from the working class, receives a low salary. Due to low wages, he eats inadequately and unsatisfactorily. Then we can notice poverty, she is poor people, but she is very improvisatory. Because of poverty, he always borrows money from other people, but he can never pay his debts. One morning, Mr. Mikaubers can't pay his debt and gets into trouble again. He was transferred to the King's Bench Prison in the area.
In this novel, discrimination in education is still happening at Salem House School. From Steerforth and Traddle we can see. They are people of different classes. James Steerforth, one of the Salem House students from a wealthy family who always gets along well and is in good shape at school. He always gets a different position than other students
from a poor family. He never gets punished. Instead, Tommy trades with an unhappy child from a poor family. He is constantly being mistreated.
In the working class there are adults and children, men and children. David Copperfield gets into an unpleasant situation when he has to work a lot of hours in a warehouse; he underpaid about twelve hours, six shillings a week. These long working hours and low wages are the most common problems of the early industrial working class.
Dickens' masterpieces were designed to show relevant moments compared to the works of other writers of the time. In addition, in his book Charles Dickens: Oliver Twist (Studies in English Literature, Chapter 16), the Indian scholar B.P. Choduri (1992) defines Dickens' works as follows: Dickens occupies a unique position in English literature because of a special form of self-expression in prose, fiction. Dickens' creative approach, the choice of material and the way he describes this material are Dickens' style. (b. 32) this article analyzes the description of the inner world of the orphan trap and the orphan hero in the novel "David Copperfield". According to the author himself, David Copperfield awakened emotions in him, unlike other works [5]. Dickens' original goal was to write an autobiographical novel; therefore, many of the novel's stories are similar to his life. From the research of the novel, it is possible to trace the exact scenes from the author's life, and, more importantly, the stories related to David's life in Murdstone and in a warehouse in Greenby are the same as Dickens' years in a shoe factory in Warren, with the only difference that the name Mr. Mikauber was used instead of Dickens' father. David also faces life difficulties and starts working at an early age because his stepfather forced him to do it. Dickens successfully describes the difficulties and main disadvantages faced by orphans in terms of education, social and working class, poverty and much more. In-depth analysis reveals similarities between Dickens' works like Great Expectations, Oliver Twist and David Copperfield, especially in character creation and event description. All these characters witness unfair treatment by society or the people around them. On the other hand, they receive help and support from a distant relative, and in some cases even from a stranger.
Although David's father died after being born six months ago, David had a happy childhood with his mother until she married a tyrannical and villainous man in David's seventh year. After this incident, he will face several problems and will spend most of his life fighting for his place in the world [4, 221]. As in his novels about orphans, the main character suffers from abuse with his stepfather. As proof of our words, we can take the following lines describing the cruel punishments of Mr. Murdstone: I held his hand in my mouth between my teeth and bit. He puts my teeth on the edge to think about it. And just like he killed me, he beat me up. First of all, I heard them running up the stairs and crying. I heard my mom crying. [1.45] After brutally beating the poor boy, Mr. Murdstone locks the door and leaves David in a very bad condition. The writer describes the suffering of the child with such vivid pictures that seem alive before the eyes of the reader. We can easily see this in the descriptions below: then he left; the door was locked from the outside; I was lying, hot, hot, torn, sick and angry on the floor. [1.45] Unfortunately, at the age of nine, David was orphaned because his mother died in childbirth. From that moment on, you can feel how lonely and helpless David was, and that there is no one else. The oppression of the stepfather is becoming more and more unbearable. He forces the poor boy to do hard work without any love for him. Instead of teaching David Murdstone, he manipulated him to make money, as can be seen from the following passage: you know, David, I'm not rich. Anyway, now you know. You have already gained a lot of knowledge. Education is expensive; and even if it wasn't, even if I could afford it, I don't think it would be absolutely beneficial for you to stay in school. It's right in front of you, it's a fight with the world; and the sooner you start doing it, the better [1134] So, Mr. Murdstone easily sends David to the Murdstone and Greenby warehouse to get rid of caring for an orphaned child, but soon David tries to find a way to escape from the factory, where the owners control his work, despite the fact that he is always hungry. At least he's running away to create his own path, his own destiny. Further events in her life are closely connected with her only known relative, the eccentric and kind aunt Betsy Trotwood. David has been living peacefully with his aunt for several years and even helps her get into a good school, where she has the opportunity to get a good education. The analysis proves that Charles Dickens created another successful novel in the style of the Bildunsky novel "the great hope". In "David Copperfield", as in his other works, we see how the orphan hero does not lose his identity and retains his pure heart, despite adversity and injustice.
Middle-aged David Copperfield tells this story in the first person. David was born in Blunderstone, Suffolk, six months after his father's death.he is raised by his mother and his maid Clara Peggotty. As a child, she spends a few days with Peggotty at the home of her brother, Mr. Peggotty, in Yarmouth, which she shares with Mr. Peggotty Ham and Emily, her orphaned niece and niece. When the journey ends, David learns that his mother has married Edward Murdstone, a cruel and domineering man. In the evening of the same day, Murdstone's sister also starts managing the family.
One day, Mr. Murdstone brings David to his room and beats him up, and David bites his hand. Then eight-year-old David is sent to a boarding school run by sadistic Mr. Creakle. From there, David will make friends with the kind and firm Tommy, as well as with the charismatic and charismatic James Steerforth. In the middle of David's second semester, his mother dies shortly after the birth of her son. Then peggotty is fired and she marries Barkis, who runs the cart. David does not return to school, and at the age of 10 he is sent to work at a wine bottling factory in Murdstone in London. He lives in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Micuber, a generous couple who are constantly suffering financial ruin. In the end, Mr. Micuber is sent to a debtors' prison, and then David escapes to Dover, where he finds his great-aunt, the self-sufficient Miss Betsy Trotwood, and accepts her on the advice of the simple and kind Mr. Dick from the boarding school.
Mrs. Betsy forces David to go to the school run by Dr. Strong and make sure that he lives with the business manager Mr. Wickfield and his daughter Agnes. Mr. Wickfield employs a teenage clerk named Uriah Heep. David goes to Peggotty's after graduation. On the way to Yarmouth, he meets David Steerforth, and they go to Peggotty and Mr. Peggotty. Emily's engagement to Ham is announced, but she is interested in Steerfor
After Miss Betsy agrees to the idea of becoming a Proctor (a kind of lawyer), David begins working as an apprentice in the London office of Spenlow and Yorkins. She maintains a friendship with Steerforth, but Agnes Wickfield does not agree with this. He meets Uriah Heep again, who will become Wickfield's partner and intends to marry Agnes. One day, Spenlow invites David to his house, and David falls in love with Dora, the daughter of Spenlow's childhood.
David finds out that Traddles lives with Mr. and Mrs. Mikauber. When he finds out that Barkis is on the verge of death, he returns to Yarmouth. After Barkis' funeral, Emily runs off with Steerforth, and Mr. Peggotty vows to find her. David returns to London and swears to Dora. Suddenly, Miss Betsy appears and says that Uriah is in financial ruin as a result of Hip's partnership with Wickfield. To increase his income, David begins working as Dr. Strong's secretary, and at Traddles' suggestion begins reporting to newspapers about parliamentary debates; later he also writes fiction.
Uriah hires Mr. Hip Mikauber as a clerk. Eventually David marries Dora. She dies after a miscarriage, never gaining strength. During this period, Emily returns to London. One day, Mr. Micuber, along with David and Traddles (now a lawyer), provide Uriah Heep with full evidence that he is responsible for Miss Betsy's losses by deceiving Wickfield; Heep must return the money. Then they plan for Mr. and Mrs. Micuber to join Mr. as well. Peggotty and Emily move to Australia to start a new life. Before leaving, David goes to Yarmouth to deliver Emily's letter to Ham, but a terrible storm has broken out. Having lost several ships and suffered one shipwreck, Ham swims into the water and tries to save the last two survivors. And when the body of one of the sailors is brought ashore, he turns out to be Steerforth. David spends the next three years in continental Europe, where he marries Agnes upon his return.
A complex study of psychological development, David Copperfield-a favorite of Sigmund Freud-managed to combine elements of a fairy tale with the open form of a Bildungs novel. The childhood of a child without a father is sharply spoiled by the patriarchal "firmness" of his stepfather, Mr. Murdstone. David's suffering can be traced back to his early years, in his marriage to his "child wife" Dora, and in his acceptance of a mature middle-class identity as he eventually learns to win his "undisciplined heart.""This event reminds us of the act of memory when we explore the nature of memory. David's development is next to other fatherless sons, and the Punisher Mr. Murdstone is the opposite of the carnival Mr. Mikauber.
Dickens also explored issues related to class and gender relations. This is especially noticeable in the charm of Emily from Steerforth's working class and Uriah Heep's drafts of Saint Agnes, as well as in David's transition from Dora's childish sexuality to Agnes' familial rationality in search of a family.
Notable adaptations of David Copperfield include Freddie Bartholomew, Basil Rathbone, Lionel Barrymore and W. In 1935.C. A film starring Fields; a 1970 British TV movie starring Ron Moody, Ralph Richardson, Michael Redgrave and Laurence Olivier; and a 1999 BBC miniseries starring Daniel Radcliffe.