Country Report of India 1 Meteorology

2.10.2 Other features observed

The lowest estimated central pressure has been 940 hPa. The estimated maximum sustained surface winds (MSW) were 115 knots during 0900 - 2100 UTC of 30th Oct. However, at the time of landfall, the ECP was 984 hPa and MSW was 65 knots (very severe cyclonic storm) due to weakening of the system over Gulf of Aden.The lowest observed pressure of 1000.4 hPa was reported by Buoy 23668(13.5/61.6) at 0300 UTC of 30^th Oct., when the centre of system was close to the Buoy 23668. The maximum observed mean wind speed was 58 kts reported by Ship DIGW (18.7/71.9), when the system was at southeast of Ship DIGW (18.7/71.9) at 0300 UTC of 30^th Oct. The system moved initially northwest then westward direction.

2.10.3 Weather and damage caused

During the initial stage of formation of the system, on 28^th, rainfall belt was oriented along NE-SW and the rainfall maximum was observed to the northeast of the system centre. Subsequently, with the organisation of the system, convection became more and more organised and rainfall was symmetric about the centre on 31^st. Rainfall of the order of 25-30 cm was realised near the core of the system on 28^th and about 30-45 cm was realised in the wall cloud region during 29^th October to 03^rd November.

Rainfall activity increased along the west coast.

As per media and press report, ESCS Chapala claimed at least five lives and caused widespread damage as it brushed past Socotra Island of Yemen. More than 50,000 people in Yemen, including about 18,000 on Socotra, were displaced because of Cyclone Chapala.

Chief amounts of 24 hrs. rainfall ( more than 1 cm ) ending at 0300 UTC of 28^th Oct. –4^th Nov. 2015 are given below.

28.10.2015 :

Kerala : 5 - Vadakara; 3 - Chittur; 2 - Kozhikode; 1 - Ambalavayal, Kannur and Manjeri each.

29.10.2015 :

Kerala 8 - Thodupuzha; 5 - Peermade To; 4 - Kozha and Ottapalam each; 3 - Piravam, Ambalavayal, Neyyattinkara and Kuppady each; 2 - Nedumangad, Vythiri, Kollamkode, Thiruvananthapuram, Vadakkancherry, Pattambi and Kunnamkulam each; 1 - Aryankavu, Kozhikode, Kudulu, Myladumpara Agri, Irikkur, Mananthavady, Kollam Rly, Thrithala, Kanjirappally, Kottayam, Mannarkad and Kodungallur each.

2.11 Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm 'MEGH' over Arabian Sea (5^th Nov. -10^th Nov.)

2.11.1 A cyclonic circulation lay over Sri Lanka and adjoining areas of southwest Bay of Bengal extending upto 4.5 kms a.s.l. on 29^th, over Sri Lanka and adjoining Comorin area on 30^th, over Comorin area and neighbourhood extending upto 5.8 kms a.s.l. on 31^st Oct., over Lakshadweep and neighbourhood extending upto 4.5 kms a.s.l. on 1^st Nov. and over east-central Arabian Sea off Karnataka coast extending upto 3.1 kms a.s.l. on 2^nd - 3^rd. Under its influence, a low pressure area formed over east-central and adjoining southeast Arabian Sea on the 3^rd evening. It lay as a well marked low pressure area over east-central Arabian sea and neighbourhood with an associated cyclonic circulation extending upto 5.8 kms a.s.l. on 4^th. It concentrated into a Depression and lay over eastcentral Arabian Sea centered near Lat. 14.1°N / Long.66.0°E, about 920 km southwest of Mumbai and 1310 km east southeast of Salalah (Oman) at 0000 UTC of 5^th. It moved westwards and lay over eastcentral Arabian Sea centred near Lat. 14.1°N / Long.65.6°E, about 950 km southwest of Mumbai and 1280 km east southeast of Salalah(Oman) at 0300 UTC of 5^th. It moved westwards and intensified into a Deep Depression over eastcentral Arabian Sea centred near Lat. 14.1° N / Long. 64.8° E, about 1020 kms southwest of Mumbai and 1200 kms east-southeast of Salalah (Oman) at 0600 UTC of 5^th. Continuing to move westwards, it intensified into a Cyclonic Storm 'MEGH' and lay over central Arabian Sea centred near Lat. 14.0° N / Long. 64.0° E, about 1090 kms southwest of Mumbai and 1120 kms east-southeast of Salalah (Oman) at 1200 UTC of 5^th. It moved west-southwestwards and lay over westcentral Arabian Sea centred near Lat. 13.5° N / Long. 62.2° E, about 920 kms east-northeast of Socotra Island (Yemen) and 1270 kms southwest of Mumbai at 0300 UTC of the 6^th. It moved west­southwestwards and lay over westcentral Arabian sea centred near Lat.13.0°N / Long.61.0°E, about 770 km east­northeast of Socotra Island (Yemen), 1430km west­southwest of Mumbai and 860 km east­southeast of Salalah (Oman) at 1200 UTC of 6^th. It further moved westwards and lay over westcentral Arabian Sea centred near Lat. 12.8° N / Long. 59.6° E, about 620 kms east-southeast of Socotra Island (Yemen) and 1580 kms southwest of Mumbai and 750 kms east-southeast of Salalah (Oman) at 0300 UTC of 7^th. Further moving west­southwestwards it intensified into a Severe Cyclonic Storm and lay over westcentral and adjoining southwest Arabian Sea, centred near Lat.12.7 N/ Long.59.2° E at 0600 UTC of 7^th. It then moved west-southwestwards and lay over westcentral and adjoining southwest Arabian Sea centred near Lat. 12.7° N / Long. 58.4° E, about 470 kms east of Socotra Island (Yemen) and 1710 kms west-southwest of Mumbai and 660 kms east-southeast of Salalah (Oman)at 1200 UTC of 7^th. It further moved westwards and intensified into a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm and lay over westcentral and adjoining southwest Arabian Sea, centred near Lat.12.6° N/ Long.57.9° E, about 430 kms east of Socotra Island (Yemen), 1750 kms west-southwest of Mumbai and 640 kms southeast of Salalah (Oman)at 1500 UTC of 7^th. It moved westwards and further intensified into an Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm and lay over westcentral and adjoining southwest Arabian Sea, centred near Lat.12.7° N / Long.55.5° E, about 180 kms east of Socotra Island (Yemen) and 510 kms south-southeast of Salalah (Oman) at 0300 UTC of 8^th. It moved westwards and lay over westcentral and adjoining southwest Arabian Sea centred near Lat. 12.7° N / Long. 53.5° E at 1200 UTC of 8^th. It moved west-southwestwards and weakened into a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm and lay over westcentral and adjoining southwest Arabian Sea,centred near Lat. 12.3° N / Long. 51.0° E, about 320 kms west of Socotra Island (Yemen) and 620 kms south-southwest of Salalah (Oman) at 0000 UTC of 9^th. It moved westwards and lay over westcentral and adjoining southwest Arabian Sea,centred near Lat. 12.3° N / Long. 50.3° E, about 380 kms west-southwest of Socotra Island (Yemen) and 650 kms south-southwest of Salalah (Oman) at 0300 UTC of 9^th. Moving further westwards it weakened into Severe Cyclonic Storm and lay over Gulf of Aden centred near Lat. 12.7° N / Long. 46.8° E at 2100 UTC of 9^th. Further moving west northewestwards it weakened into Cyclonic Storm centred near Lat. 13.1° N / Long. 46.2° E at 0300 UTC and as a Deep Depression over Gulf of Aden centred near Lat. 13.3° N / Long. 46.1° E at 0600 UTC of 10^th. It then recurved northeastwards and crossed Yemen coast near Lat. 13.4° N / Long. 46.1° E around 0900 UTC of 10^th. After landfall the Deep Depression moved eastnortheastwards and weakened into a Depression and lay over coastal Yemen centred near Lat. 13.6° N / Long. 46.5° E at 1200 UTC of 10^th and thereafter it weakened into a well marked low pressure area over Yemen and neighbourhood.

The details of the system are given in Table 11.

Table–11
Date / Time (UTC)	Intensity	Position near Lat. ^oN / Long. ^oE (Real time)	Based on
			Revised Estimates on Satellite Imagery /RADAR Obsn.	Supporting synoptic / asynoptic observations
5 Nov./ 0000	Depression	14.1 / 66.0	T 1.5	-
5 Nov./ 0300	Depression	14.1 / 65.6	T 1.5	Ship AUCE(6.0/70.0): 1009.6 hPa, 290/4kts Buoy 23451(15.0/68.8): 1012.4 hPa, 110/12kts Buoy 23910(12.3/69.5): 1012.2 hPa Salalah: 1014.7hPa, 030/2kts Mashirah: 1015.9hPa, 320/3kts
5 Nov./ 0600	Deep Depression	14.1 / 64.8	T 2.0	Ship 9HA3488(16.3/60.7): 1014.0 hPa, 030/13kts Ship CQIT(17.3/58.7): 1016.0 hPa, 050/10kts Buoy 23451(15.0/68.8): 1012.3 hPa, 130/8kts Buoy 23910(12.3/69.5): 1012.0 hPa Amini: 1012.6hPa
5 Nov./ 1200	Cyclonic Storm 'MEGH'	14.0 / 64.0	T 2.5	Ship A8507(10.1/65.9): 1009.2 hPa, 280/10kts Buoy 23451(15.0/68.8): 1009.7 hPa Buoy 23910(12.2/69.5): 1008.7 hPa Mashirah: 1013.0hPa, 050/5kts Salalah: 1012.7hPa, VRB/7kts
6 Nov./ 0300	Cyclonic Storm	13.5 / 62.2	T 3.0	Ship SHIP(17.8/59.9): 1009.9 hPa, 130/27kts Buoy 23451(15.0/68.8): 1011.7 hPa Buoy 23910(12.3/69.5): 1011.7 hPa Mashirah: 1014.9hPa, 080/8kts Salalah: 1014.4hPa, 360/4kts
6 Nov./ 1200	Cyclonic Storm	13.0 / 61.0	T 3.0	Ship A8307(13.5/61.7): 1005.0 hPa, 150/38kts Ship ONAR(12.2/44.0): 1010.0 hPa, 24kts Ship DJCE2(12.4/63.9): 1008.1 hPa, 200/14kts Mashirah: 1012.5hPa, 080/13kts Salalah: 1011.2hPa, 180/6kts
7 Nov./ 0300	Cyclonic Storm	12.8 / 59.6	T 3.0	Buoy 23451(15.0/68.9): 1012.2 hPa, 340/4kts Ship DGHX(13.2/49.7): 1013.5 hPa, 030/12kts Mashirah: 1014.9hPa, 110/8kts Salalah: 1014.0hPa, 010/3kts Amini: 1011.0hPa, 360/2kts
7 Nov./ 0600	Severe Cyclonic Storm	12.7 / 59.2	T 3.0	Ship 9V9403(14.1/16.0): 1014.0 hPa, 100/23kts Ship 9V8797(15.0/58.3): 1012.7 hPa, 030/20kts Ship D5BA9(15.7/54.5): 1014.2 hPa, 070/10kts Ship DIHC(13.6/50.5): 1015.3 hPa, 360/6kts
7 Nov./ 1200	Severe Cyclonic Storm	12.7 / 58.4	T 3.5	Ship A8507(14.7/56.3): 1009.3 hPa, 050/12kts Ship 9V9403(14.4/58.1): 1011.0 hPa, 060/19kts Ship D5BA9(16.8/56.0): 1010.3 hPa, 070/13kts Salalah: 1011.2hPa, 150/8kts Mashirah: 1012.7hPa, 090/11kts
7 Nov./ 1500	Very Severe Cyclonic Storm	12.6 / 57.9	T 4.0	Buoy 23451(15.0/68.9): 1012.1 hPa, 010/4kts Buoy 23910(12.2/69.6): 1011.2 hPa Salalah: 1012.7hPa, 360/1kts Mashirah: 1014.7hPa, 090/10kts Marmul: 1011.9hPa, 140/11kts
8 Nov./ 0300	Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm	12.7 / 55.5	T 5.0	Ship AMOHK01(12.5/45.6): 1013.0 hPa Buoy 23451(15.0/68.9): 1013.3 hPa, 010/10kts Buoy 23910(12.2/69.6): 1012.7 hPa Salalah: 1014.5hPa, 350/4kts Mashirah: 1016.4hPa, 120/4kts Agathi: 1012.1hPa, 360/10kts
8 Nov./ 1200	Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm	12.7 / 53.5	T 5.0	Ship AMOHK01(13.3/48.0): 1011.3 hPa Ship A8S07(13.6/50.7): 1011.2 hPa , 050/10kts Ship 9U8797 (11.4/66.4): 1011.1 hPa, 030/12kts Salalah(AWS): 1012.2hPa, 110/8kts
9 Nov./ 0000	Very Severe Cyclonic Storm	12.3 / 51.0	T 4.5	Ship ONAR(14.2/54.1): 1012.0 hPa, 050/19kts Ship AMOHK01(13.9/51.6): 1010.8 hPa , 050/10kts Ship A8507 (12.8/48.2): 1012.0 hPa, 010/8kts Salalah:1014.5hPa, 330/3kts
9 Nov./ 0300	Very Severe Cyclonic Storm	12.3 / 50.3	T 4.5	Ship TBWUK52(16.4/67.6): 1014.1 hPa, 010/8kts Ship AMOHK01(14.0/52.5): 1013.1 hPa Marmul: 1015.2 hPa, 080/5kts Salalah:1015.9hPa, 350/3kts
9 Nov./ 1200	Very Severe Cyclonic Storm	12.5 / 48.0	T 4.0	Ship ONAR(14.2/56.0): 1012.0 hPa, 13 kts Marmul: 1010.7 hPa , 150/13kts Dijbouti: 1011.0 hPa, 070/10kts Salalah:1012.8hPa, 180/8kts Gizan:1009.2hPa, 230/10kts
9 Nov./ 2100	Severe Cyclonic Storm	12.7/46.8	T 3.5	Ship A8OU4(13.2/49.7): 1013.0 hPa, 250/15kts Ship ONAR(13.9/57.5): 1013.0 hPa, 040/9kts Gizan: 1010.2 hPa, 010/4kts Salalah:1013.9hPa, VRB/2kts
10 Nov./ 0300	Cyclonic Storm	13.1 / 46.2	T 3.0	Ship C6YAS(17.1/39.7): 1010.0 hPa, 330/7kts Ship AMOHK01(12.5/59.6): 1012.8 hPa Gizan: 1010.2 hPa Salalah:1014.3hPa, 010/2kts
10 Nov./ 0600	Deep Depression	13.3 / 46.1	T 2.0	Ship CQII(12.0/45.9): 1015.7 hPa, 040/16kts Ship ONAR(13.7/58.8): 1014.0 hPa, 330/9kts Djibouti: 1013.8 hPa, 140/6kts Salalah:1015.4hPa, VRB/2kts
10 Nov./ 0900	System crossed Yemen coast near Lat. 13.4° N/Long. 46.1° E around 0900UTC.
10 Nov./ 1200	Depression	13.6 / 46.5	T 1.5	Ship ONAR(13.6/59.6): 1011.0 hPa, 330/13kts Ship C6YAS (13.6/59.6): 1008.0 hPa, 180/5kts Mina Salalah: 1010.9 hPa, 180/7kts Gizan:1008.2hPa, 240/14kts
The system weakened into a well marked low pressure area over Yemen and neighbourhood.