Dedication: 3/15/05

ros: dew

roriferous, rosemary

rosa: rose

primrose, primrose path, Rosa, rosaceous, rosary, rose, roseate, rosebud, rosebush, rose-colored, roseleaf, rosella, roseola, rose pink, rosetta, rosette, rosewater, rosewood, rosy, rosy-fingered, sub rosa, tea rose, terra rosa, vin rose (Fr), wax rose, wild rose

rostrum: beak (from rodo)

birostrate, brevirostral, brevirustrate, cultirostral, erostrate, fissirostral, glabrirostral, lamellirostral, latirostral, longirostrate, longirostrine, magnirostrate, marginirostral, parvirostrate, planirostral, planirostrate, postrostral, rectirostral, rostral, rostrate, rostrohamus, rostrular, rostrum, serratirostral, tenuiroster

rota: wheel; rotundus: round

around, AWACS, bankroll, barouche, biocontrol, birotration, birth control, circumrotation, comptroller, contrarotating, contrarotation, contraround, control, controllability, controllable, controllably, controller, controlless, controlling, control tower, counterroll, counterround, court roll, decontrol, dextrorotary, dextrorotation, enroll, enrollee, enrollment, enroller, equirotal, flood control, incontrollable, incontrollably, inrolled, irrotational, levorotation, levorotatory, merry-go-round, millround, mutarotation, obrotund, orotund, overcontrol, payroll, perrotary, pest control, photocontrol, price control, process control, quality control, rigmarole (see OED), rodeo, Roladex, role, roleo, roll, rollability, rollable, rollaway, rollback, roll-call, roller, rollercoaster, rollerskate, rolling, Rolodex, roll on, roll off, roll-top, rondeau, rondel, rondo, rota, rotameter, Rotarian, rotary, rotatable, rotate, rotation, rotational, rotationally, rotative, rotator, rotatory, rotavirus, rotifer, rotifera, rotisserie, rotogravure, rotor, rotorblade, rotorcraft, rotulet, rotund, rotunda, rotundity, roue, roulade, rouleau, roulette, round, roundabout, round-arm, rounded, roundel, roundelay, rounder, roundhouse, roundish, roundlet, roundly, roundness, round off, round robin, roundsters, round table, roundtrip, roundup, roundworm, rowel, runaround, second-round, self-control, steamroller, tea roller, tilrotor, title role, tondo, traffic control, turnaround, uncontrollable, uncontrollably, uncontrolled, unroll, uproll, victory roll, wage-control, wage-price control, well-rounded, year-round

N.B. Rote is not derived from rota. Route is derived from rumpo.
ruber: red; rubeo: be red

Baton Rouge, bilirubin, erubescent, rissole, rouge, roux, rubasse, rubefacient, rubefaction, rubella, rubellite, rubeola, rubescent, rubicelle, rubicund, rubicundity, rubidium, rubify, rubric, rubrical, rubricate, rubrofugal, ruby, ruby-red, ruby-tail, russet, rutilant, rutile

Russia is unrelated.
Rubicon: Rubicon

Rubicon
ructo (1): belch

eructate, eructation, ruction
rudis: unfinished, unrefined; erudio: teach

erudite, eruditely, erudition, rude, rudely, rudeness, rudiment, rudimentary

rufus: red-headed (probably related to ruber)

rufescent, Rufus

ruga: wrinkle

corrugant, corrugate, corrugated, corrugation, corrugative, corrugator, decorrugative, rugae, rugose, rugosity

rugio: bellow

rut (sexual), ruttish

rumen: gullet

rumen, ruminant, ruminate, rumination, ruminative, ruminator

rumor: common talk, negative report

rumor, rumormonger

rumpo, ruptum: break; corrumpo: ruin

abrupt, abruption, abruptly, bankrupt, bankruptcy, coitus interruptus, corrupt, corrupter, corruptful, corruptibility, corruptible, corruptibleness, corruptibly, corruption, corruptionist, corruptive, corruptively, corruptless, corruptly, corruptness, disrupt, disrupter, disruption, disruptionist, disruptive, disruptively, disruptiveness, disrupture, en route, erumpent, erupt, eruption, eruptive, incorrupt, incorruptibility, incorruptible, incorruptibly, incorruption, incorruptly, inruption, interrupt, interrupter, interruption, interruptive, irrupt, irruptible, irruption, irruptive, overeruption, paper route, proruption, reroute, roture, roturier, rout, route, router, routine, routineer, routinely, routinize, rupestral, rupestrian, rupicapra, rupicoline, rupicolous, rupiculture, rupture, rut (routine), subroutine, trade route, uncorrupted, uninterrupted

ruo: rush, collapse, fall; ruina: ruin

ruin, ruination, ruinous, ruinously

rupes (cliff): see rumpo
rursus: again

ruse (ODEE)

rus (gen. ruris): country

deruralize, roister, roisterous, rural, ruralism, ruralist, rurality, ruralization, ruralize, rurigenous, rustic, rustically, rusticate, rustication, rusticity

russus (red): see ruber

S

Sabinus: Sabine

Sabina, Sabine

sabulum: sand (see also yammoV)

sabuline, sabulose, sabulosity

saccus: bag (sakkoV)

cul-de-sac, knapsack, ovisac, packsack, sac, saccate, sacciform, sacculation, saccule, sacculus, sachet, sack, sackcloth, sackless, satchell, sporosac

sacer: holy; obsecro: beg; sacerdos: priest; sacro: dedicate

consecrate, consecration, consecrator, consecratory, deconsecrate, desacralization, desacralize, desecrate, desecration, desecrative, desecrator, execrable, execrably, execrate, execration, iliosacral, obsecrate, obsecration, postsacral, reconsecrate, sacerdocy, sacerdotal, sacerdotalism, sacral, sacralgia, sacralization, sacralize, sacrament, sacramental, sacramentalism, sacramentalist, sacramentally, sacramentarian, sacrarium, sacred, sacred cow, Sacred Heart, sacredly, sacredness, sacrifice, sacrificer, sacrificial, sacrificially, sacrilege, sacrilegious, sacrilegiously, sacrist, sacristan, sacristy, sacroiliac, sacrosanct, sacrosanctity, sacrospinal, sacrum, self-sacrifice, self-sacrificing, sexton, sextonness, sextonship, tersacred, unconsecrated, undesecrated, unsacrificed

saeculum: age, generation

fin de siecle (Fr), novus ordo s(a)eclorum, secular, secularism, secularist, secularistic, secularity, secularization, secularize, secularly, siecle (Fr)

saepes: hedge; saepio, saeptum: enclose

dissepiment, disseptimental, interseptal, Praesepe, sept, septal, septarian, septarium, septate, septifragal, septulum, septum, transept

saevus (savage), saevio (rage): see silva (OLD does not accept.)
sagio: to perceive quickly

presage, sagacious, sagaciously, sagacity

sagitta: arrow

Sagitta, sagittal, Sagittarius, sagittary, sagittate, sagittiform, sagittocyst, semisagittate

sal: salt

applesauce, cum grano salis, desalinate, desalination, potato salad, sal, salable, salad, saladero, salami, salaried, salary, saliferous, salification, salify, saline, salinity, salinization, salinometer, salsa, salsification, salsify, saltpeter, sauce, saucebox, sauceless, saucepan, saucer, saucerless, saucily, sauciness, saucisson (Fr), saucy, sausage, starting salary, summer sausage, unsalaried, word salad

N.B. Salt is a cognate, not a derivative.
salio, saltum: jump; exsulto: leap up

assail, assailable, assailant, assailer, assault, assaultable, assaultive, consilience, consilient, countersalient, desultor, desultorily, desultoriness, desultorious, desultory, dissilient, exsultate, exult, exultant, exultantly, exultation, exultet, exultingly, insult, insulter, insulting, insultingly, irresilient, per saltum, persultation, reassault, resile, resilience, resiliency, resilient, resiliently, ressault, result, resultant, resultative, salacious, salaciously, salacity, salience, salient, salientian, saliently, sally, saltant, saltate, saltation, saltatorial, saltatory, saltigrade, saltire, sault, saut, saute, somersault, sussultatory, transilience, transilient, unassailable

See also exsul.
saliva: spit

insalivate, insalivation, saliva, salivary, salivate, salivation, salivator

salix (gem. salicis): willow

acetosalicylic, salicaceous, salicetum, salicylate, salicylic

salmo: salmon

salmon, salmonella (eponym from last name Salmon)

Some speculate that salmo is derived from salio.
salus: see salvus

salvus: safe; salus: safety; saluto: greet; salveo: be healthy

biosafe, biosafety, dissave, El Salvador, face saving, fail-safe, insalubrious, insalubrity, insalutary, labor-saving, lifesaver, lifesaving, morituri te salutamus, safe, safe-conduct, safecracker, safecracking, safeguard, safekeeping, safely, safeness, safety, safety first, safety lamp, safety pin, safety valve, sage (plant), sagebrush, salubrious, salubriously, salubrity, salutarium, salutary, salutation, salutatorian, salutatory, salute, salvador, salvage, salvageable, salvation, Salvation Army, Salvatorian, salver, salvia, salvo, save, saver, savingly, savings, savings bank, savior, screensaver, spacesaving, time-saving, unsafe, unsafely, unsalubrious, unsaluted, unsalvaged, unsaved, unsaving, vouchsafe

sancio (4): decree, devote; sanctus: holy

desanctify, in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti, sacrosanct, sacrosanctity, San (Sp), saint, sainthood, saintlike, saintly, saintship, sanctifiable, sanctification, sanctifier, sanctify, sanctimonious, sanctimoniously, sanctimony, sanction, sanctionist, sanctitude, sanctity, sanctorale, sanctuary, sanctum, sanctum sanctorum, sanctus, sanctus bell, San Francisco, Santa, Santa Claus, Santa Fe, San Jose, Sao (Pg), Sao Paulo, St., Ter-sanctus, Toussaint, unsaintly, unsanctified, unsanctioned

sanguis (gen. sanguinis): blood

consanguine, consanguineal, consanguineous, consanguineous, consanguinity, ensanguine, exsanguinate, sangfroid (Fr), sangria, sanguicolous, sanguiferous, sanguification, sanguify, sanguinivorous, sanguinary, sanguine, sanguineous, sanguinolent, sanguinopurulence, sanguinopurulent, sanguivorous, serosanguineous, unsanguine

sanus: sound (adj.); sane: surely; sano: cure

insane, insanely, insanitary, insanitation, insanity, mens sana in corpore sano, phytosanitary, sanative, sanatorium, sanatory, sanatron, sane, sanely, sanicle, sanitarian, sanitarium, sanitary, sanitation, sanitize, sanity, species-sanitation, unsanitary

sapio: be wise; sapiens: wise

desipience, desipiency, desipient, homo sapiens, idiot savant, insipid, insipidity, insipidly, insipidness, incipience, insipient, insipiently, quien sabe (Sp), resipiscence, sagacity, sagacious, sagaciously, sage (man; adj.), sagely, sageness, sapid, sapidity, sapience, sapiens, sapient, sapiential, sapiently, sapor, savant, savoir-faire (Fr), savoir-vivre (Fr), savor, savorous, savory, savvy, sipid, technosapiens, unsavory, verbum sap sat

sapo (gen. saponis): preparation for cleaning

saponification, saponify, saponin, saponite

N.B. Neither OED nor AHD says soap is a derivative of sapo. They are cognates.
sarcio, sartus: patch

Sartor, sartorial, sartorially, sartorius

satelles: bodyguard

biosatellite, satellite, satellism, satellitosis, satellize, satelloid, subsatellite, weather satellite

satis: enough; satira: satire; satur: full

asset, desaturate, desaturation, dissatisfaction, dissatisfactory, dissatisfied, dissatisfiedly, dissatisfy, dissaturate, insatiability, insatiable, insatiableness, insatiably, insatiate, insaturable, oversturated, sate, satiable, satiate, satiation, satiety, satire, satiric, satirical, satirically, satirist, satirization, satirize, satis, satisfaction, satisfactorily, satisfactory, satisfiability, satisfiable, satisfier, satisfy, satisfyingly, satispassion, saturable, saturate, saturated, saturation, saturation point, saturator, self-satisfaction, self-satisfied, supersaturate, supersaturation, undersaturated, unsated, unsatisfactorily, unsatisfactory, unsatisfiable, unsatisfied, unsaturate, unsaturated, unsaturation, verbum sap sat

The italicized words derive from meanings of satira perhaps unrelated to satis. (OLD)
Saturnus: Saturn (titan, father of Jupiter)

Saturday, Saturn, Saturnalia, Saturnian, saturnine, saturnid, saturnism

OED associates with sero (sow), but neither LS nor OLD support this derivation.
saxum: rock

saxatile, saxicavous, saxicole, saxicoline, saxicolous, saxifrage, saxifragous, saxigenous

scabo: itch; scabies: roughness

scabies, scabiophobia, scabrate, scabrous

scaena: stage: see skhnh

scalpo: carve

dentiscalp, scalpel, scalpriform, scalprum

scamnum: stool, stage

shambles

scando: jump. climb; scala: ladder; ascendo: climb up; descendo: climb down

ascend, ascendancy, ascendant, ascender, ascension, ascensive, ascent, condescend, condescendence, condescendent, condescending, condescendingly, condescension, counterscale, de-escalate, de-escalation, descale, descend, descendant, descendent, descender, descendible, descendingly, descension, descensional, descensive, descent, downscale, echelon, escalade, escalation, escalator, escalatory, facilis descensus Averno, large-scale, macroscale, maldescended, maldescent, mesoscale, microscale, microscan, payscale, photo-scan, reascend, right ascension, scala, scalable, scalar, scalariform, scale, scale drawing, scaler, scan, scandent, scanner, scansion, scansorial, scintiscanner, small-scale, spinscan, time scale, transcend, transcendence, transcendency, transcendent, transcendental, transcendentalism, transcendentalist, transcendentalize, transcendentally, transcendently, unscanned, upscale, wage scale, weighscale

scandula: wooden slat

shingle, shingles

LS derives scandula from scando; OLD does not. OED does not derive shingle from scandula.
scapulae: shoulder

cervicoscapular, costoscapular, dorsoscapular, infrascapular, scapula, scapular, scapulimancy, scapuloclavicular, suprascapular

sceptrum: royal staff, power: see skhptron
scheda: sheet of paper: seescizw
schola: leisure, school: see scolh
scindo, scissum: split, tear apart (cf. scizw)

abscind, abscissa, abscission, circumscissile, exscind, prescind, rescind, rescindable, rescissible, rescission, rescissory, scissile, scission, scissure

ODEE, OED, W3 all agree scissors ultimately from caedo. Scindo unrelated to caedo.
scintilla: spark

scintigram, scintilla, scintillant, scintillate, scintillatingly, scintillation, scintillator, scintillogram, scintillometer, scintillosocpe, scintiscanner, stencil, stencilization, stenciller, tinsel

scio, scitum: know; conscientia: awareness; conscius: aware; nescio: not know

adscititous, bioscience, class-conscious, color-conscious, c.o., conchy, conscience, conscienceless, conscience-stricken, conscientious, conscientiously, conscientiousness, conscionable, conscious, consciously, consciousness, ethnoscience, imprescience, imprescient, inconscient, metascience, microscientist, multiscience, nescience, nescient, neuroscience, neuroscientist, nice, nicely, nicety, nicy, nonscientific, nonsientifically, nonscientist, omniscience, omniscient, omnisciently, parascience, parviscient, plebiscitary, plebiscite, political science, preconscious, prescience, prescient, presciently, proto-scientific, psudoscience, race conscious, sc., science, science-fiction, sciential, scientific, scientifically, scientificity, scientifiction, scientism, scientist, scientistic, scientology, scilicet, sciolism, sciolist, sciolistic, self-conscious, self-consciousness, semi-conscious, social science, stream of consciousness, subconscious, subconsciously, superconscious, unconscionable, unconscionably, unconscious, unconsciously, unconsciousness, unscientific, unscientifically, unselfconscious, unselfconsciously, weight-conscious,

scopae: broom

scopa, scopate, scopious, scopula, scopulipede

Scotia: Scotland (ML)

Scot, Scotch, Scotland

scribo, scriptum: write; conscribo: enroll

adscription, ascribable, ascribe, ascription, ascriptive, circumscribe, circumscription, circumscriptive, circumscriptively, circumscriptly, conscribe, conscript, conscription, conscriptional, conscriptionist, conscriptive, contra-scriptural, desribability, describable, describe, desribee, describent, describer, descript, description, descriptionist, descriptive, descriptively, descriptivism, descriptivist, descriptor, descry, escribe, escritoire, filmscript, indescribable, indescribably, inscribable, inscribe, inscriber, inscript, inscription, inscriptional, inscriptive, manuscript, manuscriptal, manuscription, misdescribe, MS, nondescript, nonprescription, nonscripted, nonsubscriber, omniscribent, oversubscribe, postscribe, postscript, post scriptum, prescribe, prescription, prescriptive, prescriptively, proscribable, proscribe, proscript, proscription, proscriptive, proscriptively, P.S., rescript, retranscribe, scribblative, scribe, scribble, scribbler, scriber, scribism, scrip, scripophily, scripsit, script, scripter, scriptless, scriptorial, scriptorium, scriptural, scripturalism, scripturalist, scripturality, scripturally, scripture, sriptureless, scripturient, scripturism, scripturist, scriptwriter, scrivener, scrutoire, shrive, subscribe, subscriber, subscript, subscription, superscribe, superscript, superscription, tapescript, transcribe, transcriber, transcript, transcriptase, transcription, transcriptive, typescript, undescribable, undescribably, undescribed, unscriptural, unscriptured

scrinium: receptacle for holding papers

enshrine, enshrinement, shrine

LS derives from scribo; OLD does not.
scrobis: ditch

scrobe, scrobicular, scrobiculate, scrobicule

scrofa: female pig, sow

scrofula, scrofuloderma, scrofulosis, scrofulous

scrotum: groin

intrascrotal, scrotal, scrotiform, scrotum

scrupus: rough stone, anxiety

overscrupulous, scruple, scruper, scrupulant, scrupulist, scrupulosity, scrupulous, scrupulously, scrupulousness, unscrupulous, unscrupulously, unscrupulousness

scruta: discarded goods; scrutor (1): search for goods

inscrutability, inscrutable, inscrutableness, inscrutably, perscrutate, perscrutation, scrutable, scrutator, scrutineer, scrutinization, scrutinize, scrutiny

sculpo, sculptum: fashion, engrave

exsculpate, insculpture, sculpsit, sculpt, sculptor, sculptress, sculptural, sculpturally, sculpture, sculpturesque

scurra: city-idler

scurrility, scurrilous, scurrilously, scurrilousness

scutra: dish, tray

scullery, scullion, skillet

scutum: shield

biscutate, ecu, ecuelle, escudo, escutcheon, esquire, exscutellate, scutage, scutal, scutate, scutcheon, scutcher, scutella, scutate, scutellation, scutelliform, scutellum, scutiferous, scutiform, scutiger, scutigerous, scutiped, scutulate, scutule, scutulum, Scutum, squire, squirearch, squireaechy, squiredom, squirehood, squireless, squireship, squiress, squirish

scyphus: see skufoV.
se: see sui
se(d): away, apart, aside

secede, seduce, sedition, separate, etc.

sebum: tallow

sebaceous, sebiferous, sebific, sebiparous, sebolith, seborrhea, sebotrophic, sebum, suet

seco, sectum: cut; securis: axe

bisect, bisection, bisectional, bisector, cosecant, coset, cross-section, cutisector, desegmented, disinsectize, dissect, dissection, dissective, dissector, duosecant, exsect, exsectile, exsection, insect, insectan, insectarium, insecticidal, insecticide, insecticolous, insectiferous, insectiform, insectifuge, insectile, insectival, insectivore, insectivorous, insectology, intersect, intersection, intersectional, intersegmental, intrasegmental, longisection, macrosegment, microdissect, microsegment, midsection, multisegmented, nonsectarian, null set, plurisegmental, prosector, quadrisect, quartersection, quinquesect, ramisection, ramisectomy, secant, secodont, sectile, section, sectional, sectionalism, sectionalist, sectionalization, sectionalize, sectionally, sectionary, sectionist, sectionize, sector, sectoral, sectorial, sectorization, securicornate, securiferous, securiflorous, securiform, segment, segmentable, segmental, segmentalization, segmentalize, segmentally, segmentary, segmentate, segmentation, segmentative, segmenter, set (math), sickle, sickle-cell, solution set, subsection, subsectional, subset, suprasegmental, ternatisect, transect, transection, trisect, trisection, trisector, unsegmented, venesection, venesector, vivisect, vivisection, vivsectional, vivisector, wax insect

AHD derives sickle from seco via an unattested Latin word.

Sect is from sequor.

secus: see sequor
sedeo, sessurus: sit; consido: settle down; obsideo: besiege; obses: hostage; possideo: have

arcosolium, assess, assessable, assessee, assession, assessment, assessor, assessory, assiduity, assiduous, assiduously, assize, assizer, assizor, besiege, besieger, co-residence, coresidual, dispossess, dispossession, dispossessor, dissidence, dissident, downsize, excise (tax: W3), ex-president, good-sized, hostage, insessorial, insidious, insidiously, insidiousness, intersessiorial, medium-sized, metasediment, nonresidence, nonresident, obsess, obsession, obsessional, obsessionally, obsessionist, obsessive, obsessively, obsessiveness, outsized, possess, possession, possessionless, possessive, possessively, possessiveness, possessor, possessory, prepossess, prepossessing, prepossession, preside, presidency, president, president-elect, presidential, presidentially, presider, prex, prexy, prez, quartersessions, reassess, reassessment, repo, repossess, repossession, resedimentation, reside, residence, residency, resident, residential, residentiary, residual, residuary, residue, residuum, seance, sedate, sedately, sedateness, sedation, sedative, sedentarization, sedentary, sederunt, sedevacantist, sediment, sedimentable, sedimentary, sedimentation, sedimentator, sedimentology, self-possessed, self-possession, sessile, session, sessional, sessionally, siege, sizable, size, sizeless, subside, subsidence, subsident, subsidiarily, subsidiarity, subsidiary, subsidize, subsidy, supersede, supersession, supersessionism, supersessive, surcease, synsedimentary, undersized, unpossessed, unsubsidized, uti possidetis, veep, vicepresidency, vicepresident

The word excise (tax) is assigned to sedeo by W3, to censeo by ODEE and OED.