Multi-scale Ego-centric Ubiquitous Digital Ecosystem
Security and Privacy Issues
IT industry, Economy, Business
IT industry, Economy, Business
SOA, Software Engineering
Networks and Information Systems
For us: Distributed Collaborative Systems
Client-Server (typically, the Web)
Client-Server (typically, the Web)
Peer-to-Peer (typically Bittorent and file sharing systems)
Grid (typically, the CERN LCG)
Mobile agents
Variants → Course on large scale computing
Traditional models fail to model and implement highly dynamic loosely supervised distributed systems
Traditional models fail to model and implement highly dynamic loosely supervised distributed systems
Alternative models
autonomic computing → focus on autonomy and coordination
cloud computing → re-centralize everything
pervasive/ubiquitous computing → focus on user context
Internet of Things → focus on interoperability
digital ecosystems → an holistic vision
Autonomic Computing [Horn, 2001; Parashar and Hariri, 2005]
Autonomic Computing [Horn, 2001; Parashar and Hariri, 2005]
analogy with the nervous system – notion of equilibrium
observation: emerging systems and applications are dynamic
survivability of the system the system can adapt to environment changes (incl. attacks, faults, disruptions…)
basic operation loop of an autonomic system: Monitor-Decide-Adapt
sense / monitor the environment (context discovery), and analyze the context
plan a knowledge-based adaptation of the system (decision making)
execute the change
context- and self-awareness
Autonomic Computing [Horn, 2001; Parashar and Hariri, 2005] (cont’d): characteristics/properties of a generic autonomic system
Autonomic Computing [Horn, 2001; Parashar and Hariri, 2005] (cont’d): characteristics/properties of a generic autonomic system
Self Configuring
Self Optimizing
Self-Healing
Self Protecting
Context Aware
Open
Anticipatory
Proactive
Digital Ecosystems (Distributed Collaborative Systems) [Boley et al., 2007; Damiani and his group @ Milan]
“A digital ecosystem can be defined as an open, loosely coupled, domain clustered, demand-driven, self-organizing agent environment, where each agent of each species is proactive and responsive regarding its own benefit/profit but is also responsible to its system.” (Boley and Chang, 2007)
Digital Ecosystems: Main Characteristics
Digital Ecosystems: Main Characteristics
Loose coupling - Personal Engagement
Equilibrium – Interdependence - Balance
Local Interactions Global Behavior
Self-organization – Autonomy - No Central or Distributed Control
Adaptation to the Environment – Dynamicity – Evolutionary System
Openness - Multiplicity of Ecosystems (cf. human social life)
Digital Ecosystems: Main Characteristics (cont’d)
Digital Ecosystems: Main Characteristics (cont’d)
Cooperation – Collective/Swarm Intelligence
cf. bees, ants, dolphins…
swarm is a set of agents that can interact and that share a common interest
collective problem solving
Communication System Semantics
DE => need of shared explicit formal semantics (formal languages)
Link with some characteristics of the semantic Web
A new way of designing/thinking distributed systems and applications
Related to autonomic computing
You are always connected to the cyberspace, you can access your data everywhere
You are always connected to the cyberspace, you can access your data everywhere
No more money, no more theatre tickets, no more boarding card, no more printed newspaper, no more books, no more music CDs (but still administrative papers, don’t dream too much)
Your car (sometimes) drives for you
You live in a (fairly? rather?) smart home
You participate in multiple digital social networks (incl. online games)
Your browser is proactive
There are digital services everywhere – The city is “smart”
ICT is at last pervasive: digital services adapt their behavior to you and your environment (e.g., location, preferences, profile, activity...)
You are always connected to the cyber space, you can access your data everywhere
You are always connected to the cyber space, you can access your data everywhere
→ mobile Internet (3G/4G), clouds (reality)
No more money, no more theatre tickets, no more boarding card, no more printed newspaper, no more books, no more music CDs
→ smartphone, NFC, RFID tags (reality)
Your car (sometimes) drives for you
→ Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) (partial –
active development)
You live in a (a fairly? Rather?) smart home
→ Internet of Things (IoT) @home (not yet a reality)
You participate in multiple digital social networks (incl. online games)
→ It is not the future, but the everyday life (reality)
Your browser is proactive
→ Recommendation systems (more and more true –
still active development
(e.g., FP7 EEXCESS project)
There are digital services everywhere
→ IoT, O2O, M2M, H2M (more and more true in
manufacturing, not true for citizens)
ICT is at last pervasive: digital services adapt their behavior to you and your environment (e.g., location)
→ context-aware services, location-based service, ambient intelligence, ambient social networks… (more and more true – still active
development)
Ego-centric
Ego-centric
focus on the user’s interactions with her/his environment(s)
personalization – context-awareness
Ubiquitous
mobility
simultaneous interactions with multiple ecosystems
Multi-scale
comprise entities (typically, services) of totally different nature, origin and operational characteristics
from an embedded “thing” to a public cloud
integration of data, information, knowledge from all sources
huge mass of information
Digital Ecosystem
see above
Seamless “weaved into the fabric of everyday life”
Seamless “weaved into the fabric of everyday life”
“Graceful integration”
Transparency of the “cyber infrastructure” (“vanish in the background”)
User-centric
Conclusion: hard to imagine in 1991 – realistic as an objective for the next decade
You are the hub and the source of information
You are the hub and the source of information
(supposed to be) sensitive personal information
Data exchanges, dissemination of information between multiple ecosystems with various security and privacy characteristics
un-alignment of security/privacy policies
sensitive information leakage
You do not control, worse do not actually know, the environment
Uncertainty
Dynamicity
Unpredictability
Absence of trust, Anonymity
Big Brother can watch you,now!
Your everyday life is seamlessly weaved into the cyberspace fabric: you are traced
The cyberspace does not forget: traces cannot be deleted
The storage and processing capacities are almost unlimited: your traces are/can be mined
See course on these issues
New technologies enable / need / argue for new models, new designs
New technologies enable / need / argue for new models, new designs
Whatever the model, some basic features
Autonomy
Collaboration
User-Centricity
Integration
Context-Awareness
Mobility
Digital ecosystems provide a holistic vision of emerging digital environments
Some still largely open issues, esp. regarding interoperability
The cyberspace as a digital ecosystem is the Babel Tower
A fantastic, however in some way dreadful set of opportunities for new applications
