Draft Import Risk Analysis Report for Fresh Apple Fruit from the People’s Republic of China

Glossary

Term	Definition
Additional declaration	A statement that is required by an importing country to be entered on a phytosanitary certificate and which provides specific additional information pertinent to the phytosanitary condition of a consignment in relation to regulated pests (FAO 2007b).
Appropriate level of protection	The level of protection deemed appropriate by the Member establishing a sanitary or phytosanitary measure to protect human, animal or plant life or health within its territory (WTO 1995).
Area	An officially defined country, part of a country or all or parts of several countries (FAO 2007b).
Biosecurity Australia	A prescribed agency within the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. Biosecurity Australia provides science-based quarantine assessments and policy advice that protects Australia’s favourable pest and disease status and enhances Australia’s access to international animal and plant related markets.
Consignment	A quantity of plants, plant products and/or other articles being moved from one country to another and covered, when required, by a single phytosanitary certificate (a consignment may be composed of one or more commodities or lots) (FAO 2007b).
Control (of a pest)	Suppression, containment or eradication of a pest population (FAO 2007b).
Endangered area	An area where ecological factors favour the establishment of a pest whose presence in the area will result in economically important loss (FAO 2007b).
Entry (of a pest)	Movement of a pest into an area where it is not yet present, or present but not widely distributed and being officially controlled (FAO 2007b).
Establishment	Perpetuation, for the foreseeable future, of a pest within an area after entry (FAO 2007b).
Establishment potential	Likelihood of the establishment of a pest.
Fresh	Living; not dried, deep-frozen or otherwise conserved (FAO 2007b).
Fruits and vegetables	A commodity class for fresh parts of plants intended for consumption or processing and not for planting (FAO 2007b).
Host	A species of plant capable, under natural conditions, of sustaining a specific pest.
Import Permit	Official document authorising importation of a commodity in accordance with specified phytosanitary import requirements (FAO 2007b).
Infestation (of a commodity)	Presence in a commodity of a living pest of the plant or plant product concerned. Infestation includes infection (FAO 2007b).
Inspection	Official visual examination of plants, plant products or other regulated articles to determine if pests are present and/or to determine compliance with phytosanitary regulations (FAO 2007b).
Intended use	Declared purpose for which plants, plant products, or other regulated articles are imported, produced, or used (FAO 2007b).
Interception (of a pest)	The detection of a pest during inspection or testing of an imported consignment (FAO 2007b).
Introduction	The entry of a pest resulting in its establishment (FAO 2007b).
Lot	A number of units of a single commodity, identifiable by its homogeneity of composition, origin etc., forming part of a consignment (FAO 2007b).
National Plant Protection Organisation	Official service established by a government to discharge the functions specified by the IPPC (FAO 2007b). DAFF is Australia’s National Plant Protection Organisation.
Official control	The active enforcement of mandatory phytosanitary regulations and the application of mandatory phytosanitary procedures with the objective of eradication or containment of quarantine pests or for the management of regulated non-quarantine pests (FAO 2007b).
Pathway	Any means that allows the entry or spread of a pest (FAO 2007b).
Pest	Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal, or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products (FAO 2007b).
Pest categorisation	The process for determining whether a pest has or has not the characteristics of a quarantine pest or those of a regulated non-quarantine pest (FAO 2007b).
Pest free area	An area in which a specific pest does not occur as demonstrated by scientific evidence and in which, where appropriate, this condition is being officially maintained (FAO 2007b).
Pest risk analysis	The process of evaluating biological or other scientific and economic evidence to determine whether an organism is a pest, whether it should be regulated and the strength of any phytosanitary measures to be taken against it (FAO 2007b).
Pest risk assessment (for quarantine pests)	Evaluation of the probability of the introduction and spread of a pest and the magnitude of the associated potential economic consequences (FAO 2007b).
Pest risk management (for quarantine pests)	Evaluation and selection of options to reduce the risk of introduction and spread of a pest (FAO 2007b).
Phytosanitary certificate	Certificate patterned after the model certificates of the IPPC (FAO 2007b).
Phytosanitary measure	Any legislation, regulation or official procedure having the purpose to prevent the introduction and/or spread of quarantine pests, or to limit the economic impact of regulated non-quarantine pests (FAO 2007b).
Phytosanitary regulation	Official rule to prevent the introduction and/or spread of quarantine pests, or to limit the economic impact of regulated non-quarantine pests, including establishment of procedures for phytosanitary certification (FAO 2007b).
Polyphagous	Feeding on a relatively large number of host plants from different plant families.
Protected area	A regulated area that an NPPO has determined to be the minimum area necessary for the effective protection of an endangered area (FAO 2007b).
Quarantine pest	A pest of potential economic importance to the area endangered thereby and not yet present there, or present but not widely distributed and being officially controlled (FAO 2007b).
Regulated article	Any plant, plant product, storage place, packaging, conveyance, container, soil and any other organism, object or material capable of harbouring or spreading pests, deemed to require phytosanitary measures, particularly where international transportation is involved (FAO 2007b).
Restricted risk	‘Restricted’ risk estimates apply to situations where risk management measures are used
Spread	Expansion of the geographical distribution of a pest within an area (FAO 2007b).
SPS Agreement	WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (WTO 1995).
Stakeholders	Government agencies, individuals, community or industry groups or organisations, whether in Australia or overseas, including the proponent/applicant for a specific proposal
Systems approach(es)	The integration of different risk management measures, at least two of which act independently, and which cumulatively achieve the appropriate level of phytosanitary protection (FAO 2007b).
Unrestricted risk	‘Unrestricted’ risk estimates apply in the absence of risk management measures.

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