Draft Import Risk Analysis Report for Fresh Apple Fruit from the People’s Republic of China

As indicated, the unrestricted risk for apple scar skin has been assessed as ‘negligible’, which achieves Australia’s ALOP. Therefore, specific risk management measures are not required for this pest.

8. 
   Risk assessment conclusion
   

Conclusions drawn from the detailed risk assessments for the quarantine pests are presented in Table 4.2, which provides the unrestricted risk estimates for the quarantine pests that are considered to be associated with fresh apple fruit for human consumption, from China.

Any pest with an unrestricted risk estimated as ‘low’, ‘moderate’ ‘high’ or ‘extreme’ does not meet Australia’s ALOP and requires risk management measures in addition to China’s standard commercial production and post-harvest processing practices.

Key to summary table 4.2

Genus species ^EP

pests for which policy already exists. The outcomes of previous assessments and/or reassessments in this IRA are presented in Table 4.2

Genus species ^{state/territory}

state/territory in which regional quarantine pests have been identified

Likelihoods for entry, establishment and spread
N negligible

EL extremely low

VL very low

L low

M moderate

H high
P[EES] overall probability of entry, establishment and spread

Assessment of consequences from pest entry, establishment and spread
PLH plant life or health

OE other aspects of the environment

EC eradication control etc

DT domestic trade

IT international trade

ENC environmental and non-commercial

A-G consequence impact scores are detailed in section 2.2.3
URE unrestricted risk estimate. This is expressed on an ascending scale from negligible to extreme.




Table 4.2: Summary of unrestricted risk estimates for quarantine pests associated with apple fruit from China

	Likelihood of						Consequences							URE
Pest name	Entry			Establishment	Spread	P[EES]
	importation	distribution	Overall				direct		indirect				Overall
							PLH	OE	EC	DT	IT	ENC
Spider mite [Acari: Tetranychidae]
Amphitetranychus viennensis^EP	H	M	M	H	M	L	E	B	D	D	D	B	M	L
Flat scarlet mite [Acari: Tenuipalpidae]
Cenopalpus pulcher	H	M	M	H	M	L	E	B	D	D	D	B	M	L
Weevils [Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae]
Rhynchites auratus	VL	M	VL	M	M	VL	E	A	C	D	D	B	M	VL
Rhynchites heros^EP	VL	M	VL	M	M	VL	E	A	C	D	D	B	M	VL
Fruit flies [Diptera: Tephritidae]
Bactrocera dorsalis^EP	M	H	M	H	H	M	E	C	F	E	E	D	H	H
Armoured scales [Hemiptera: Diaspididae]
Diaspidiotus ostreaeformis ^WA, EP	M	L	L	H	M	L	D	A	C	B	C	B	L	VL
Lopholeucaspis japonica ^EP	H	L	L	H	M	L	D	B	D	C	C	B	L	VL
Mealybugs [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae]
Phenacoccus aceris^EP	H	M	M	H	H	M	D	B	D	D	C	B	L	L
Pseudococcus comstocki^EP
Pseudococcus calceolariae ^WA, EP	M	M	L	H	H	L	D	A	C	B	B	B	L	VL
Moths [Lepidoptera]
Adoxophyes orana^EP	L	M	L	H	H	L	E	B	E	D	D	B	M	L
Carposina sasakii^EP	H	H	H	H	H	H	E	B	E	D	E	B	M	M
Cydia pomonella ^WA, EP	L	M	L	H	H	L	D	A	E	B	D	B	M	L
Euzophera pyriella^EP	L	M	L	H	H	L	E	B	D	D	D	B	M	L
Grapholita inopinata^EP	M	M	L	H	H	L	E	B	D	D	D	B	M	L
Grapholita molesta ^WA, EP	VL	M	VL	H	H	VL	E	A	E	B	D	B	M	VL
Spilonota albicana^EP	M	M	L	H	H	L	E	B	D	D	D	B	M	L
Fungi
Diplocarpon mali^EP	L	M	L	M	M	L	E	A	D	D	E	B	M	L
Gymnosporangium yamadae^EP	M	M	L	M	H	L	D	B	D	D	E	B	M	L
Monilinia fructigena^EP	H	H	H	H	H	H	E	B	E	E	D	B	M	M
Neonectria ditissima^EP^3	-	-	-	-	-	L	-	-	-	-	-	-	M	L
Phyllosticta arbutifolia^EP	M	M	L	M	M	L	D	A	D	D	E	B	M	L
Sooty blotch and flyspeck complex	H	H	H	H	H	H	D	B	D	A	A	B	L	L
Venturia inaequalis ^WA, EP^4	-	-	-	-	-	H	-	-	-	-	-	-	M	M
Viroids [Pospiviroidae]
Apple scar skin viroid	H	H	H	M	VL	VL	D	A	D	D	D	A	L	N