Electronic poster

Muscle & Miscellaneous

Hall B Monday 14:00-16:00 Computer 6

14:00 3244. Functional Assessment of Skeletal Muscle in Mice Lacking Myostatin by Multiparametric Functional (Mpf-) NMR in Vivo
Celine Baligand^1,2, Helene Gilson³, Jacques C. Menard^1,2, Olivier Schakman³, Claire Wary^1,2, Jean-Paul Thissen³, Pierre Georges Carlier<sup>1,2

1</sup>NMR Laboratory, Institute of Myology, F-75651 Paris, France; ²CEA, I²BM, MIRCen, IdM NMR Laboratory, F-75651 Paris, France; ³Unite de Diabetologie et Nutrition, Universite Catholique de louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium

Inhibiting myostatin (mstn) causes spectacular increase in muscle mass, and has opened the path to therapeutic approaches. Yet possible compromised force production have been reported in isolated muscle. We investigated vascular and metabolic response to exercise in vivo in mstn-/- and wild-type mice using interleaved arterial spin labeling NMR imaging and 31P spectroscopy. Specific force and maximum perfusion were identical. Mitochondrial oxidative capacities were reduced in mstn-/-, while hyperemia was prolonged. These integrated results formed coherent evidence of a non-pathologic shift towards a more glycolytic metabolism in this model as was confirmed by histology.

14:30 3245. Effects of Resistance Trainging and β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) on Muscle Fiber CSA and Lean Body Mass in Aged Rats: A DTI and DEXA Study

Ihssan S. Masad^1,2, Y-M Park³, S-R Lee³, Jacob M. Wilson³, Paul C. Henning³, Bahram H. Arjmandi³, Samuel Colles Grant^1,2, J-S Kim<sup>3

1</sup>Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; ²National High Magnetic field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, United States; ³Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States

SSarcopenia, age-related muscle wasting, has drastic medical and financial impacts on the elderly population. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which is sensitive to muscle architecture, is employed to assess the potential benefits of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and resistance training (RT) in a pre-clinical model of aged rats. DTI was used to evaluate muscle cross sectional area (CSA) while dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was utilized to assess lean body mass (LBM). As well as increasing LBM, results demonstrate that RT caused hypertrophy in aged soleus muscle, as indicated by increased ADC as well as increased second and third eigenvalues.

15:00 3246. Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Calf Muscles at 1.5T: Diffusion Property Differences Between Athletes and Non-Athletes

Yoshikazu Okamoto¹, Yuka Kujiraoka², Manabu Minami<sup>3

1</sup>Radiology, University of Tsukuba Hospital , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; ²Radiology, Tsukuba Memorial Hopital, Japan; ³University of Tsukuba hospital, Japan

We compared@FA, eigenvalues, and ADC for bilateral gastrocnemius medialis (GCM),gastrocnemius lateralis (GCL), soleus (SOL) and anterior tibial (AT) muscles between athletically trained and not-trained skeletal muscle. In all eight muscles, all three eigenvalues and ADC were lower in trained muscle than in not-trained one. There were significant differences in all muscles as for ă1 and ADC (P<0.01), all muscles (P<0.05) except for right AT in ă2 and left SOL in ă3.Our results indicated that chronic muscle hypertrophy due to training caused those differences as a result of decrease of the extracellular space of the muscle.

15:30 3247. Change of MR Diffusion Property During Active Muscle Contraction in the Calf

Yoshikazu Okamoto¹, Akira Kunimatsu², Manabu Minami<sup>3

1</sup>University of Tsukuba hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; ²Radiology, University of Tokyo hospital, Japan; ³University of Tsukuba hospital, Japan

We obtained diffusion tensor images (b=500 s/mm²) of bilateral calves of ten volunteers in a 1.5T MR machine at resting and planter flexion states of the right ankle. In gastrocnemius medialis (GCM), the FA, ë1 and ë2 of right to left ratios were increased from 1.05,0,99, and 0.99 to 1.17 (P<0.05), 1.06 (P<0.01), and 1.07 (P<0.01) with statistically significant difference by Paired t-test. In anterior tibialis (AT), ë1 and ë2 ratios were decreased from 0.99 and 1.01 to 0.96 (P<0.05) and 0.94 (P<0.05). We suppose these changes mainly reflect changes of focal temperature and perfusion of each skeletal muscle.

Tuesday 13:30-15:30 Computer 6

13:30 3248. Ultra-High-Resolution Skin Imaging at 7 T with Motion Correction and Fat/Water Separation

Joëlle Karine Barral¹, Mohammad Mehdi Khalighi², Ron D. Watkins³, Michael Lustig^1,4, Bob S. Hu, ^1,5, Dwight G. Nishimura<sup>1

1</sup>Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; ²Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, CA, United States; ³Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; ⁴Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States; ⁵Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA, United States

When high field strengths and small transmit-receive coils are used, SNR is no longer the sole limit to high-resolution imaging. Chemical shift and motion artifacts become major concerns. To address these concerns, a Cartesian gradient echo pulse sequence was designed with interleaved echoes for fat/water separation and interleaved navigators for motion correction. In vivo skin images with 100 μm isotropic resolution (1 nL) are presented. Fat/water separation allows the clear delineation of the different skin layers while motion correction effectively removes blurring.

14:00 3249. Potential of MRI Relaxometry in the Study of Cisplatin Induced Cell Death in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Skin

Ashok Sharma¹, Uma Sharma², N R. Jagannathan², Moganty R. Rajeswari<sup>1

1</sup>Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India; ²Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India

MR relaxometry offers the potential for investigating the microstructural tissue properties and the ability to detect early changes of water mobility resulting from therapy-induced changes. In this study we report the cisplatin induced cell death with the duration of treatment by MR relaxometry in an animal model of squamous cell carcinoma of skin. Our MR data correlated with the findings of histology and biochemical parameters i.e proliferation index and apoptotic index. Results indicate that MR relaxometry measurements are useful to monitor cell death in response that could help selection of proper therapeutic regimen, dose, or duration of drug.

14:30 3250. Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Sural Nerves

Boklye Kim¹, T. L. Chenevert¹, Ashok Srinivasan¹, B. Sabb¹, Rodica Pop-Busui<sup>1

1</sup>University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a promising clinical modality for early detection of nerve damage. The aim of this study is to develop an optimal DTI protocol for quantitative analysis of the sural nerves in the lower legs and ankles, which has been problematic due to its small size and limited SNR. While strongly facilitated along the elongated fiber in healthy subjects, the diffusion of tissue water loses directionality in diabetic patients due to the loss of fiber density. We present the anatomical localization and nerve fractional anisotropy measurements of the sural nerve to determine the integrity of nerve myelination.

15:00 3251. Evaluation of Intraneural Ganglion Cysts Using 3D FSE-Cube

Kameron Robert Shahid¹, Robert J. Spinner¹, John A. Skinner¹, David W. Stanley², Jeffrey R. Bond¹, Joel P. Felmlee¹, Kimberly K. Amrami<sup>1

1</sup>Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Rochester, MN, United States; ²GE Healthcare, Proctor, MN, United States

It is often difficult to definitively diagnose intraneural ganglion cysts with conventional MR imaging and to identify the origin of the cyst in a joint via what may often be a subtle connection. The ideal acquisition for imaging these cysts would be a 3D acquisition with isotropic spatial resolution that would achieve optimum reformatting in all areas within a reasonable scan time. It is the purpose of this study to demonstrate the clinical utility of 3D FSE-Cube in the evaluation of intraneural ganglion cysts and the important joint connection.

Wednesday 13:30-15:30 Computer 6

13:30 3252. High Resolution MRI of Asymptomatic Plantar Plate Under Flexion and Extension: Implications for Understanding Normal Structure and Diagnosing Tears

Heidi J. Siddle¹, Anthony C. Redmond¹, Philip S. Helliwell¹, Richard J. Wakefield¹, Philip J. O'Connor², Richard J. Hodgson<sup>3

1</sup>Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; ²Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; ³Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

MRI is widely used to image the plantar plates of the metarsophalangeal joints. High signal at the insertion is routinely interpreted as a tear; however this is controversial. In this study 3T MRI images consistently demonstrated high signal at the plantar plate insertion centrally in asymptomatic subjects. The high signal did not extend to the medial and lateral borders and is not seen on T2 weighted images. Dorsiflexion of the joint demonstrates bands connecting the body of the plantar plate to the proximal phalanx. High signal centrally in the plantar plate is not indicative of a tear in asymptomatic subjects.

14:00 3253. High Resolution MRI of the Plantar Plates in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Heidi J. Siddle¹, Andrew J. Grainger², Anthony C. Redmond¹, Philip S. Helliwell¹, Richard J. Wakefield¹, Richard J. Hodgson<sup>3

1</sup>Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; ²Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; ³Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Damage to the plantar plates of the metatarsophalangeal joints has been suggested as a cause of forefoot pain and deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study looked at 68 plantar plates in patients with RA and forefoot pain using high resolution 3T MRI. Plantar plate pathology was revealed in all patients. However, high signal at the insertion on T2-weighted images (often interpreted as a tear) is not indicative of a tear in patients with RA.

14:30 3254. Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI of Bone Marrow in Rheumatoid Arthritis and the Response to Treatment.

David A. King¹, Edward M. Vital¹, Jane E. Freeston¹, Philip O'Connor², Robert Evans, ^2,3, Peter Wright, ^2,3, Paul Emery¹, Richard Hodgson, <sup>1,3

1</sup>University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; ²Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; ³Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, United Kingdom

This study uses dynamic contrast enhanced MRI to study the response of bone marrow to therapy. 30 patients with long-standing, active rheumatoid arthritis were imaged before and at 12 and 24 weeks after starting biologic treatment. 3D SPGR images of the wrist were acquired every 19 seconds and the relative early enhancement rate of bone marrow calculated from a carpal bone. There was a statistically significant decrease in the RER at both 12 and 24 weeks after starting treatment. This suggests DCE-MRI of bone marrow may be useful for assessing the response to treatment in rheumatoid arthritis.

15:00 3255. The Value of Dce-Mri in the Differential Diagnosis of Psoriatic Arthritis and Erosive Osteoarthritis of the Hand

Christina Schraml¹, Nina F. Schwenzer¹, Ina Kötter², Jörg C. Henes², Fritz Schick³, Claus D. Claussen¹, Marius Horger<sup>1

1</sup>Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, BW, Germany; ²Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, BW, Germany; ³Section on Experimental Radiology, University Hospital of Tübignen, Tübingen, BW, Germany

In the present 3T study, DCE-MRI was evaluated in the differential diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and erosive arthritis (EOA) of the hand in 26 patients. Significantly higher late enhancement was observed in EOA patients 15 minutes after contrast injection. Results suggest that analysis of synovial membrane inflammation by DCE-MRI could be useful in the differentiation of these two arthritis types which is often difficult based on clinical and laboratory findings alone. As new treatment approaches are particularly adapted for each arthritis entity DCE-MRI could provide additional diagnostic information in differentiating PsA from EOA in clinical routine.

Thursday 13:30-15:30 Computer 6

13:30 3256. Improving Isotropic 3D FSE Methods for Imaging the Knee

Charles Qingchuan Li¹, Weitian Chen², Jarrett K. Rosenberg¹, Philip J. Beatty², Anja C. Brau², Richard X. Kijowski³, Brian A. Hargreaves¹, Reed F. Busse⁴, Garry E. Gold<sup>1

1</sup>Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; ²Global Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, CA, United States; ³Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; ⁴Global Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI, United States

A new isotropic 3D FSE sequence, 3D-FSE-Cube, is currently being developed for multiple structural imaging applications as an improvement to traditional 2D-FSE methods. This study aimed to optimize 3D-FSE-Cube for musculoskeletal evaluation of the knee at 3T. 146 scans from 7 healthy volunteers were acquired with systematically varied acquisition parameters and evaluated for SNR, CNR and image quality in comparison to a single reference standard. Regression analysis suggests that current clinical acquisition parameters produce close to optimal image quality.

14:00 3257. 3D-Imaging of the Knee with an Optimized 3D-TSE Sequence and a 15 Channel Knee-Coil at 3T

Mike Notohamiprodjo¹, Annie Horng², Bernhard Kuschel², Peter Bär³, Maximilian F. Reiser, Christian Glaser

¹Institute for Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany; ²University Hospitals Munich, Insitute for Clinical Radiology; ³Siemens Sector Healthcare

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a 3D-TSE-sequence with optimized acquisition strategies for improved tissue-contrast. Fifteen volunteers and 50 patients were examined at 3T (Magnetom VERIO, Siemens Sector Healtcare) with the PDfs-weighted 3D-TSE-sequence SPACE. Relevant SNR and CNR, i.e. fluid and Cartilage, of the isotropic 3D-TSE-sequence were significantly higher than of conventional 2D-TSE-sequences. Depiction of the femoral trochlea and small structures was significantly better. Small lesions could be better detected with the 3D-TSE-sequence. Diagnostic confidence was not significantly different. This technique hold high potential for further knee-MRI-protocols with excellent image quality and clinical performance compared to current 2D-protocols.

14:30 3258. 3D-FSE-Cube of the Foot at 3TMRI: Comparison with 2D-FSE Images.

Mai Hanamiya¹, Takatoshi Aoki¹, Yoshiko Yamashita¹, Yoshiko Hayashida¹, Toru Sato², Shigeru Hibino³, Atsushi Nozaki³, Yukunori Korogi<sup>1

1</sup>Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan; ²Clinical Radiology Service, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Hospital; ³GE Healthcare Japan

Our purpose is to compare 3D-FSE-Cube with 2D-FSE sequence for MR imaging of the ankle at 3.0T MR system. Eight healthy volunteers were examined with 3D-FSE Cube (6 minutes 50 seconds) and 2D-FSE (axial, sagittal and coronal planes, total imaging time; 11minutes 24 seconds), and 3D-FSE-Cube images were reformatted into images of same planes as 2D-FSE. Bone, cartilage, fluid, and tendon SNRs and bone-tendon CNR were significantly higher with the 3D-FSE-Cube. The 3D-FSE-Cube sequence with parallel imaging at 3.0T MR enables to reduce examination time preserving image quality and evaluate complex anatomy of the ankle on multiple arbitrary planes.

15:00 3259. 3D-TSE-Imaging of the Ankle - A New Perspective?

Mike Notohamiprodjo¹, Annie Horng², Bernhard Kuschel², Peter Bär³, Maximilian F. Reiser, Christian Glaser

¹Institute for Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany; ²University Hospitals Munich, Insitute for Clinical Radiology; ³Siemens Sector Healthcare

The purpose of this study was to evaluate an optimized 3D-TSE-sequence for ankle-MRI at 3T. Fifteen volunteers and 25 patients were examined at 3T with a dedicated 8-channel-ankle coil and the isotropic PDfs-weigthed 3D-TSE-sequence SPACE featuring optimized variable flip angles, elliptical scanning and radial k-space readout for improved contrast and time efficient acquisition. In comparison to current 2D-TSE-sequences, relevant SNR and CNR were significantly higher. The 3D-reconstruction capabilities provided better visualization of small structures, ligaments and lesions. Diagnostic confidence was not significantly different in the 3D-TSE-sequence. This technique holds high potential for future ankle-MRI protocols.

Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 & Other Nuclei I

Hall B Monday 14:00-16:00 Computer 7

14:00 3260. A DNP Polarizer Designed for Clinical Use

Andrew M. Leach¹, John Urbahn¹, Denise Anderson¹, Neil Clarke², Timothy Skloss³, Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen<sup>2

1</sup>GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY, United States; ²GE Healthcare, Amersham, United Kingdom; ³GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, United States

Provides a description of a novel hyperpolarizer design that incorporates specific characteristics required for clinical application including: 1) the ability to simultaneously process multiple doses; 2) no cryogen consumption; 3) a sterile product contained within a disposable fluid path; and 4) an integrated quality control system that rapidly measures six product characteristics to ensure agent safety and efficacy. The system has been demonstrated as a robust means to generate high volume doses for imaging studies. Device functionality and process capability will be discussed.

14:30 3261. Potential for Polarization Measurement of Pre-Polarized [1-¹³C] Pyruvate in Vivo Using Jcc Spectral Pattern

Albert P. Chen¹, Charles H. Cunningham², James Tropp³, Kayvan Keshari⁴, Mark VanCriekinge⁴, John Kurhanewicz⁴, Ralph E. Hurd<sup>5

1</sup>GE Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada; ²Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; ³GE Healthcare, Fremont, CA, United States; ⁴Radiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States; ⁵GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, CA, United States

The ability to accurately measure or predict the polarization of hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging substrates at the time of the MR experiment is necessary for quantitative kinetics data or metabolite concentrations. In this study, the feasibility of using asymmetry of the pyruvate C2 resonance (from 1% natural abundance of [1,2-¹³C₂] pyruvate) to estimate the polarization of the [1-¹³C] pyruvate in vivo is demonstrated.

15:00 3262. Non-Fourier Spatial Encoding for Improved Point-Spread-Functions in Hyperpolarized 13C CSI Acquisitions

Albert P. Chen¹, Ralph E. Hurd², Charles H. Cunningham<sup>3,4

1</sup>GE Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada; ²GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, CA, United States; ³Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; ⁴Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Metabolic imaging using pre-polarized substrates labeled with a 13C nucleus has proven to be a promising new tool. Often, chemical-shift imaging (CSI) acquisitions are used to map the 13C resonances over 2D or 3D volumes so that 13C metabolic data from various tissues can be compared. Due to the time constraints imposed by the relatively short lifetime of the hyperpolarized state, the spatial dimensions of these acquisitions are often encoded with small matrix sizes (e.g. 8 x 8 x 16), resulting in a relatively poor point-spread function (PSF). In this abstract, we have explored the use of non-Fourier spatial encoding to improve the PSF in both in-plane dimensions of hyperpolarized 13C CSI acquisitions. Phantom experiments showed an improved point-spread function and a rat study showed the feasibility of using the method for in vivo data acquisition.

15:30 3263. The Effects of Contrast Agents on Hyperpolarised [1-¹³C]-Pyruvic Acid

Lanette Friesen Waldner^1,2, Timothy Scholl³, Albert Chen⁴, Brian Rutt, ^1,5, Charles McKenzie, <sup>12

1</sup>Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; ²Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; ³Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; ⁴GE Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada; ⁵Diagnostic Radiology and Richard M Lucas Center for Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States

The addition of small quantities of gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCA) to ¹³C-enriched samples containing trityl radical significantly increases the hyperpolarisation that can be obtained via dynamic nuclear polarisation. This study examined the effects of several contrast agents on T₁ in solution and on relative hyperpolarisation in the solid state in [1-¹³C]-labeled pyruvic acid. T₁ decreased with increasing contrast agent concentration with all contrast agents except Teslascan. Dotarem and ProHance showed a slight decrease in T₁. MultiHance showed the largest increase in hyperpolarisation and the largest decrease in T₁. The choice of contrast agent may depend on the application.