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Guar gum as biosourced building block to generate highly conductive and elastic ionogels with poly(ionic liquid) and ionic liquid.

Biao Zhang,^a Guillaume Sudre,^b Guilhem Quintard, ^a Anatoli Serghei,^b Laurent David,^b Julien Bernard,^a* Etienne Fleury^a* and Aurélia Charlot<sup>a*

a</sup> Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, UMR CNRS 5223, IMP, 17 avenue Jean Capelle, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.

^b Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5223, IMP, 15 Bd. A. Latarjet, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.

Fax: [phone]; Tel: [phone]; E-mail: [e-mail], [e-mail], [e-mail]

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C*


Fig. S1. (Left) Evolution of viscosity versus shear rate of PIL_100K/IL for different PIL concentrations, (Right) Concentration dependence of zero shear viscosity. C* indicates the overlap concentration.





Fig. S2. Frequency-dependence of G’ (filled symbols) and G’’ (open symbols) moduli of Guar_58K (5 %)/PIL(10 %)/IL, with 3 different samples (□), (△) and (◊) at 25 ^°C.



Fig. S3. Frequency-dependence of G’ (filled symbols) and G’’ (open symbols) moduli of Guar_58K(5 %)/PIL_25K (20 %)/IL, one sample tested two times (□), (△) without time interval.

Fig. S4. TGA thermograms of Guar_58K (a), Guar_58K(5 %)/BMIMCl (b) and Guar_58K(5 %)/PIL_100K (10 %)/BMIMCl (c).


Fig. S5. SAXS pattern of Guar_58K (5 %)/PIL/IL before (black) and after (red) a thermal treatment.



Fig. S6. Frequency-dependence of G’(filled symbols) and G’’(open symbols) moduli of Guar_566K(5 %)/IL (□) and Guar_566K(5 %)/PIL (10%)/IL (△) at 25 ^OC.






Fig. S7. (A) Frequency-dependence of G’(filled symbols) and G’’(open symbols) moduli of Guar_58K (5 %)/PIL (10 %)/IL at 10 °C (□), 25 °C (◊), 35 °C, 45 °C (△), and 60 °C (□); (B) Master curves of G’ and G” as a function of reduced frequency (25 °C is the reference); (C) Evolution of ln(a_t) versus temperature, where a_t is the horizontal temperature-dependent shift factor.

The slope of Fig. S7 (C) can be used to calculate the apparent activation energy (E_a) at T= T_ref from a_t = exp [(-)], where R is the ideal gas constant, T is temperature in °K and T_ref the reference temperature.

Fig. S8. WAXS pattern of BMIMCL and Guar_58K (5 %)/PIL(10 %)/IL at 25°C.




Fig. S9. Cryo-SEM images of a cross-section of Guar_58K (5 %)/PIL(10 %)/IL ternary blend



Fig. S10. Evolution of ’ of Guar_58K (5 %)/PIL (10 %)/IL as a function of frequency for temperatures ranging from - 90 to 30 °C before any thermal treatment.

With decreasing temperature, the values of _DC decrease due to a reduction in the mobility of the polymer chains. Thus, by approaching the glass transition temperature, the value of the conductivity progressively decreases until the plateau of ’ is not any longer measurable in the frequency window of our instrument. At frequencies lower than the characteristic frequency f_EP, the conductivity decreases as a result of electrode polarization effects. At frequencies higher than f_E, the experimental time becomes smaller than the hopping time of the charge carriers, and thus the electrical response is dominated by local charge fluctuations corresponding to the sub-diffusion regime.

Table S1
Table 1

Main features of the synthesised PIL.

Sample	[AEMIBr]:[CTA]:[Initiator]	Time of reaction (h)	Conv(%)^a	Mn,theo (g/mol)^a	Mn,SEC (g/mol)^b	Đ^b
PIL	400:1:0.2	9	98	102200	159700	1.27

Conditions : AEMIBr = 40 wt. %, H₂0 as solvent at 70°C.

^a M_n,theo = ([AEMIBr]/[CTA]×conv)×M_ILM + M_CTA, where M_ILM and M_CTA are the molar masses of AEMIBr (ILM as ionic liquid monomer) and CTA for chain transfert agent, respectively.

^b Determined by SEC after anion exchange of the bromide counter-ions by bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide lithium salt (LiTfSI) (in DMF/LiTfSI, PS standards).

Table S2

VFT parameters for the ternary blend.

Samples	σ∞ (S/cm)	B (K)	T0 (K)
Guar58K/PIL100K/IL (before thermal treatment)	12.85	1459	154
Guar58K/PIL100K/IL (after thermal treatment)	1.26	902	216