136
(190)
Qïtay-lar-dïŋ žaŋa žïl-ï eken ğoy. (Kaz)
Chinese-
PL
-
GEN
new year-3
EVID EXCL
‘It’s (apparently) the Chinese New Year!’
3
Further evidence that the presence of these particles is not dependent upon the presence of
ekan/eken comes from the ability of these particles to occur in utterances that do not contain
ekan/eken (191-192).
(191)
Sen-ing ism-sharif-ing g’alati-a. (Uz)
You-
GEN
name-name-2
SG
weird-
EXCL
‘You’ve got a weird name.’
(Joyce 2007, 13)
(192)
Žaŋbïr žaw-ïp qïzïq qïl-dï ğoy (Kaz)
Rain rain-
CVB
interesting make-
PST EXCL
‘The rain falling sure made it interesting!’
5
In (191), the predicate is a bare adjective, and in (192), the predicate is a verb marked by the
simple past, which expresses confirmativity. While the presence of -
a and
ğoy indicates the
speaker’s emotive stance, the fact that these particles are essentially limitless in distribution
further indicates that they should not be seen as primary verbal markers of emotivity, but instead
as discourse particles.
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