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The uses of metals are based upon their physical or chemical properties. Metals vary in density, hardness, heat and electrical conductivity and weight. The lightest is lithium and the heaviest is osmium. The hardness of metals depends upon the presence of other substances in them and the nature of metal itself. Metals are the best conductors of heat and electricity.
The most widely used metals are: iron, copper, zinc, tin, lead, mercury, silver, and gold. The most important metal is iron.
Nowadays, aluminum, magnesium and sodium have become common due to the development of electrochemical processes for their production.
Metals occur most commonly as oxides or sulphides in ores. They must be separated from gangue materials such as clay, silica, granite, etc.
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