Gender Disparity: Its Manifestations, Causes and Implications



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13. Due to non-availability of religious data for 1991 Census, we could not test the inter-temporal changes in such types of cultural retrogression.
14. Given such nice findings regarding the effect of women education on sex ratio, the number of women employed gradually decreases if one goes to more and more senior positions and upper stratum of the employment scale in both government and corporate world. This number is virtually absent at the highest level of occupations. This phenomenon is usually known as Glass Ceiling. The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) reported several disturbing facts such as the limited access of women to science-related careers as well as the “glass ceiling” in their profession in 2005. In the Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT), the number of female students is less than 10 per cent of the total students. Among the 42 laboratories of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) spread over different states of the country, none of these is headed by a woman.

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