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=> ANSWER: iii: Changes affecting the distances goods may be transported

1. Paragraph C

In paragraph C, the author provides many transport statistics, or transport trends, in some countries which are “candidates for entry to the EU”. The trends include an increase in road haulage and a decrease in rail haulage. These countries are awaiting admission to become members of the EU. So, the correct heading for paragraph C is xi

=> ANSWER: xi: Transport trends in the countries awaiting EU admission.

1. Paragraph D

In paragraph D, “A new imperative – sustainable development- offers an opportunity for adapting the EU‟s common transport policy.” So, this paragraph is about a long-term objective which is new and important for adapting the EU‟s common transport policy. The correct heading for paragraph D is i.

• 
  fresh=new
  
• 
  goal=imperative
  

( Note: Dictionaries generally define an ‘imperative’ [NOUN] as an essential duty that should be done. In this sense, and in this context, we can say that ‘promoting sustainable development’ is a duty which the EU hope to fulfil. This is very similar to a ‘goal’ or ‘objective’, although it is not an exact

synonym.)

So, goal=imperative. Meaning: a duty which the EU aims to fulfil as a future objective – changing transport policy to make it more sustainable.)

 long-term=sustainable

=>ANSWER: i: A fresh and important long-term goal

1. Paragraph E

In paragraph E, the effect of energy consumption in the transport sector on the environment is

mentioned. Specifically, CO2 emissions are estimated to increase by 50% by 2020 due to the traffic

growth trend, and road transport is also the main cause of CO2 emissions attributable to transport.

Finding some solutions is an „ecological necessity‟. So, The correct heading for paragraph E is v.

• 
  environmental=ecological