Answer: vi
1. Paragraph D
Paragraph D discusses “a radical solution” called “the professional board”. Although there are certain drawbacks to this solution and it may not be suitable for all businesses, the author claimed that “more professional and better-informed boards would have been particularly appropriate for banks where the executives had access to information that part-time nonexecutive directors lacked, leaving the latter unable to comprehend or anticipate the 2008 crash”. Therefore, such a solution is a proposal about necessary changes to deal with the problems in board operation previously mentioned in paragraph C. The correct heading is viii – A proposal to change the way the board operates.
Answer: viii
1. Paragraph E
We can find information about the heading of this paragraph in the first sentence: “One of the main criticisms of boards and their directors is that they do not focus sufficiently on longer-term matters of strategy, sustainability and governance, but instead concentrate too much on shortterm financial metrics”. This means that boards do not see the bigger picture, nor do they understand the importance of long- term and sustainable development. Therefore, the most appropriate heading would be vii – Boards not looking far enough ahead.
Look far ahead = focus on longer-term
Answer: vii
1. Paragraph F
By reading the first sentence of paragraph F:“Compensation for chief executives has become a combat zone where pitched battles between investors, management and board members are fought”, we know that there are often disagreements concerning “compensation” between the investors and board directors of a company. The term “compensation” means payment or remuneration, so it has to do with money.
Hence, heading i – Disputes over financial arrangements reagarding senior managers is the most suitable (“dispute” means disagreement and “financial arrangements” refers to “compensation”). However, to be sure, we need to look further. In this paragraph, there is no information regarding changes made to the company, so heading iii – The possible need for fundamental change in every area of business is not relevant. Heading v – The falling number of board members with broad enough experience is not the answer either, despite the mention of “chief executives” in the paragraph,because there is no reference to a reduction in the number of board members.
Financial arrangements = compensation = payment
Senior managers = chief executives
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