=> ANSWER: C
1. As a result, factors such as… and attitudes to children have been eliminated Keywords: factors, attitudes to children, eliminated
In paragraph 2, it is stated that in a “long-term study carried out in Nicaragua”, factors such as “the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family‟s wealth or that it values its children more highly” were eliminated. “Value children more highly” can be referred to as “attitudes to children”, so the other factor is “family wealth”.
=> ANSWER: J
1. And it has been shown that….. can in itself improve infant health and survival.
Keywords: infant health, survival, improve
In paragraph 2, we are told the factor which can improve children‟s health and survival: “…teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children‟s health and survival.” So, the infants of mothers who are literate, have better chances of having good health and surviving. The answer is: maternal literacy.
=> ANSWER: F
Questions 19-24: YES/NO/NOT GIVEN
1. About a thousand of the women interviewed by the researchers had learnt to read when they were children
Keywords: a thousand women, interviewed, learnt to read, children
In paragraph 4, it is stated that the researchers “interviewed 3,000 women, some of whom had learnt to read as children¼”, but the actual number of these women is not given.
=> ANSWER: NOT GIVEN
1. Before the National Literacy Crusade , illiterate women had approximately the same levels of infant mortality as those who had learnt to read in primary school
Keywords: before, illiterate women, same levels, infant mortality, primary school
In paragraph 5: “In the late 1970s, the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 deaths per 1000 live births… For women educated in primary school, however, the infant mortality rate was significantly lower, at 80 per 1000.” So the levels of infant mortality are different.
+ infants = very young children
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