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4. Answer: NOT GIVEN
Explain
· Key words: slow, language, development, children, disappointing, parents
· The information about parents and their children‟s language development can be found in paragraph B. While the author mentions parents making “corrections” to the children‟s speech at certain ages, there is nothing said about how parents feel towards slow language development.
· This statement is therefore NOT GIVEN.
5. Answer: NO
Explain
· Key words: expectations, children, gain, education, universal
· Paragraph E suggests that people‟s “expectations for intellectual performances differ for children of different ages” and of different cultures.
Therefore, these expectations are not universal (universal = common in the world). The statement contradicts the author’s claims, so
· The answer is NO.
6. Answer: YES
Explain
· Key words: scholars, discuss, theories, without, understanding
· The last sentence of paragraph J states that: “Until scholars are able to discuss their implicit theories and thus their assumptions, they are likely to miss the point of what others are saying”. The expression “miss the point” here has a similar meaning to “not fully understand”, so this sentence means that scholars usually discuss their own theories without fully understanding other scholars.
· The answer is therefore YES.
7. Answer: B
Explain
· Key words: desirable, same, possibilities, everyone
· The first sentence of paragraph H includes the statement: “the Jeffersonian view is that people should have equal opportunities.” Later in the paragraph, we find: “In the Jeffersonian view, the goal of education is not to favor or foster an elite…”
· Same = equal
· Possibilities = opportunities
· Thus, the idea that „It is desirable for the same possibilities to be open to everyone‟ belongs to Jeffersonian view.
· The answer is B.
8. Answer: C
Explain
· Key words: section, society, preferential, treatment
· In paragraph I, the Jacksonian view is that “we do not need or want any institutions that might lead to favouring one group over another”.
· The answer is C
· Preferential treatment = favour
· Section = group
9. Answer: B
Explain
· Key words: people, gain, benefits, basis, achieve
· According to Jeffersonian view in paragraph H, “people are rewarded for what they accomplish”.
· The answer is B
· Gain benefits = be rewarded
· Achieve = accomplish
10. Answer: A
Explain
· Key words: variation, intelligence, birth
· According to paragraph G, the Hamiltonian view is that “people are born with different levels of intelligence”, which means variation in intelligence begins at birth.
· So the answer is A.
· Variation = different
11. Answer: A
Explain
· Key words: more intelligent, positions, power
· The Hamiltonian view, still in paragraph G, suggests that the more intelligent should keep the less intelligent “in line”, which means they should be in control. They hold the positions of power like government officials or philosopher-kings. Thus,
· The answer is A.
12. Answer: C
Explain
· Key words: everyone, develop, same, abilities
· According to Jacksonian view in paragraph I, people are equal in terms of their competencies. This means that everyone can have the same abilities to serve as well as another in any position.
· Same = equal
· Abilities = competencies