parts = regions
Answer: 27. dopamine 28. pleasure
29 + 30. Researchers also observed that the neurons in the area of the brain called the were particularly active just before the participants’ favourite moments in the music – the period known as the _ .
Keywords: observe, neurons, area of the brain, active, before, favourite moments
In the first sentence of the third paragraph, the author claimed that “the dopamine neurons in the caudate – a region of the brain involved in learning stimulus-response associations, and in anticipating food and other ‘reward’ stimuli – were at their most active around 15 seconds before the participants’ favourite moments in the music”. The phrase: “at their most active” is the same as “particularly active” and “region” means “area” of the brain, so it is clear that such a “region” refers to “the caudate”. Therefore, the answer for question 29 is “caudate”. In the following sentence, it is said that “The researchers call this the ‘anticipatory phase ’”. Here, “this” refers to the observation made by researchers concerning the participants’ favourite music. The period at which something happens is a stage or a ‘phase’. Hence, the answer for question 30 should be “anticipatory phase”.
particularly active = at their most active
area = region
Answer: 29. caudate 30. anticipatory phase
1. Activity in this part of the brain is associated with the expectation of ‘reward’ stimuli such as _.
Keywords: activity, this part of the brain, associated with, expectation, reward stimuli
Also in the first sentence of the third paragraph, the author described the caudate as “a region of the brain involved in learning stimulus-response associations, and in anticipating food and other ‘reward’ stimuli”. Thus, “involved in” means “associated with” and “anticipate” means “to look forward to”, which is the same as “expect”. Therefore, it can be understood that the “reward stimuli” expected by the caudate should include “food” as the example given in the passage. The word to fill in the blank is “food”. • to be involved in = to be associated with
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