It’s a big problem, if the child has no family, no nothing, it is better to give them to the government

17th & 18th Century Europe - first foundling homes and 'wheels‘

19th Century America - industrialization and migrant labour

1980's China - implementing of the strict one child policy.

Studies conducted in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s in Brazil, Jamaica and Peru where a combination of poverty, war, gender inequality and social suffering have led women to consider this 'survival strategy'.

• In these examples we see how 'child circulation' through informal fostering and adoption becomes a means of managing abandoned children, similar to South Africa.