K. M. University, India Christianity in the Land of Santhals: a study of Resistance and Acceptance in Historical Perspective(03U)
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Stuckrad, Kocku University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Western Esotericism and Polemics (4) Western Esotericism and Scholarship(13G) *chairperson Symposium
Harvard University, USA Conceiving Desire in Spirit and Deity Possession: insights from Aomori,Japan(10E) Organized panel, English Sudo, Hiroto Komazawa University, Japan Butsudan and Ihai in Japanese Religion(09K) Butsudan or Buddhist household altar and ihai or mortuary tablet are situated at the conjunction of daily life and Japanese religion. Many sociologists have pointed out that Butsudan represents one aspect of the ie and is also the cultural apparatus concerning the Japanese ancestral worship. At the butsudan, a Buddha image should ideally be revered. However, we actually find many butsudans without Buddha images. Instead, most butsudans contain only ihais. According to surveys, the living holds more attachment to the dead in the living's memories than the dead outside its memories. Butsudan is not only limited to the Buddhist households. Butsudan and ihai can be found at households which have converted from Buddhism to Christianity. While kamidana, or household Shinto shelf is often abandoned at the conversion, butsudan and ihai still remain. We could re-consider Japanese religion through the studies of butsudan and ihai. Organized panel, Japanese
Rissho University, Japan Limits and Possibilities of Religious Education: The Case of Public Schools in Japan(06L) Until the end of World War II Japanese schools were forced by the government to favour Shinto. In reflection of this historical experience many teachers today still think of religious education as a means of state control. Moreover Japan has no religion thatplays such a universal role as Christianity does in the West. Some parents oppose the involvement of their children in any religious activities at school, arguing that such involvement contradicts the Constitution. Because of the above issues there is not much progress in the debate on religious education. In the meantime the suicide rates among students are rising. It seems that young people are in urgent need of ethical guidance on various existential problems, such as meaning and value of life, illness, aging and death. However I would like to argue that in the age of secularization and pluralism such guidance should not necessarily be religious in character. Rather such instruction in universal ethics, values and sentiments (joso) should be given in a non-religious way through the study of literature or what I call "the lessons on loneliness". Organized panel
Reseach Center for Soto Zen Buddhism, Japan The Climb, the Oza Ritual, and Reijin Worship in Ontake Belief(08C) In Ontake belief there is a threefold conception of kami (gods), which includes ogami (a great god), shoshin (various gods), and reijin (spiritual gods). This division can be seen in every ritual and belief activity such as the climb, the oza ritual, and reijin worship. For example, each ko group usually undertakes a pilgrimage through the threefold space of Mt. Ontake. Furthermore, in the oza ritual, ascetics summon gods in turn based on a threefold conception. This reijin worship is an essential component of Ontake belief and, along with the oza ritual, plays a vital role in the maintenance of ko groups. Specifically, the oza ritual is the most important shamanistic ritual carried out by both the nakaza (medium) and maeza (controller of spirits). This shamanistic ritual continues today. Therefore, researching the oza ritual is necessary for us to make comparisons with other shamanistic rituals in Japan. Organized panel, Japanese
University of Tokyo, Japan "Theories of Pilgrimage in Esoteric Buddhism in South Asia"(13E) In the (so-called) early medieval India, various Tantric movements including Buddhist Tantrism (esoteric Buddhism) appeared. The Cakrasamvara Buddhist movement is one of the latest and biggest Tantric movements in Buddhism. Even after the decline of Buddhism in its mother land, Cakrasamvara Buddhism had a great impact on Nepal and Tibet, and even today, it has been one of the mainstreams of Newar Buddhism in Nepal. Indian Cakrasamvara Buddhism has two big theories on pilgrimage: one of them derives from that in Hindu-Shaivism and the other from that in Hindu-Shaktism. In the list of holly places in Cakrasamvara Buddhism are included not only Nepal but also Tibet, the Buddhist theories on pilgrimage have universal nature. This presentation is intended as analyzing these theories in terms of the pilgrimage network among Indian Hinduism and Buddhism, Nepal Hinduism and Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism and of the theories on ritual and meditation. Organized panel, English
Japan
Conflict and Peace in the Old Testament(02N) *chairperson Organized panel
Japan
Religion and Peace in the Ancient Near East(03N) *chairperson Organized panel
Japan
Disc-Holding Female Figurines from Palestine(12F) Thousands of clay female figurines have been unearthed from Palestine. They are expected to shed light on the reality of folk religion of ancient Israel, which is not well reflected in the Old Testament. So far, however, their interpretation is not agreed and it is not clear how they represent Israel's religion. In this presentation, the presenter will focus on disc-holding type of these figurines. He will reanalyze the catalogue of these figurines to deepen the discussion. He will point out that the most of them can be seen as holding a hand-drum, while a small group is holding a loaf. Although they probably represent a human woman, not a goddess herself, the ones with a hand-drum can be related to the cult of Astarte and the ones with a loaf to that of the Queen of Heaven. In fact, they are the variations of the same goddess. These figurines suggest that in the first millennium Israel the people were making petitions to Astarte besides the formal Yahweh worship, and that her nature varied according to place and time. Organized panel
Kyoto University, Japan L'éthique de la mémoire et de l'oubli -- vers une philosophie de la religion au 21ème siècle(07Q) *respondent Symposium
Kyoto University, Japan Philosophy and Religion in the Age of Science and Technology - Reconsidering H. Jonas' The Imperative of Responsibility -(08Q) H. Jonas' major work entitled The Imperative of Responsibility has had a great impact on applied ethics, such as bioethics and environment ethics. Departing from the record-breaking menace brought by our technological age, the author tries to found "the future ethics," whose first imperative is to keep mankind as it actually is. However, in the reception of Jonas' thought, it is in many cases deliberately ignored that his foundation of the future ethics is based upon an apparently classical metaphysical ontology, and that this ontology seems to be inseparable from his "personal belief," recaptured later as "God after Auschwitz." By reconsidering this book in its various aspects from such an point of view, we try to clarify the proper difficulties imposed on philosophy and religion in our age, and to search for a possible form of philosophy of religion. Symposium, * Session Abstract, Japanese
Kyoto University, Japan The Imperative of Responsibility and God after Auschwitz(08Q) The Imperative of Responsibility emphasizes that the metaphysics Jonas would develop after the "death" of religion does not depend upon any concept of the sacred. That is because this book seldom refers to the themes on religion. Nevertheless, since the first period of his metaphysical reflections, Jonas keeps speaking of the peculiar concept of God as their "hypothetical background:" God who abandoned his omnipotence as to let the world exist with liberty. This concept of God, which will formulate itself ultimately as "the concept of God after Auschwitz," is considered by Jonas himself as the matter of his personal belief. But separated from this "muthos" about the Creator, does Jonas' metaphysics really make sense? By addressing focus upon this question, this paper would show difficulties and possibilities imposed upon the tentative to think about religion in the age of science and technology. Symposium, Japanese
Kyoto University, Japan "The Feeling of Fear" as an Intellect(08Q) H. Jonas deduces "The Imperative of Responsibility" from his speculation on scientific technology by way of metaphysical contemplation, which is somehow unique to the context of his philosophy. This essay considers the role that "the feeling of fear" plays in the transition from technology to ethics realized by Jonas' metaphysical reflection. By using the term "the heuristics of the fear," he treats "fear" not as a mere affect but as a kind of intellect. It is a wonder how he thinks of "fear," which on the one hand is an affect, and the base of ethical attitude on the other. Through the critical analysis of his reflection, and stepping through his metaphysics, I will look for the way to the dimension where scientific technology and ethics might find their mutuality. Symposium, Japanese
The Eastern Institute, Japan Non-Violence and Living-Beings in Jainism(09G) The observance of five major-scale vows is one of the important practices in Jainism. Mahāvīra the founder of Jainism introduced the following five major-scale vows for ascetic monks : l)non-violence, 2)truthfulness, 3)non-stealing, 4)celibacy, and 5)non-possession. In the present paper the author deals with the problem of the the first vow, the non-violence, from the practical point of view, and observe it from the point of views of living-being and of life. Jainism views anything that exists in the universe based on two principles; soul (jiva) versus non-soul (ajiva). These two principles interact with each other in anything. Earth, water, fire, wind, plants, and animals are considered to have living beings, and to possess both body and soul (jiva) individually. The reason why one should not kill is that living beings do not want neither to be killed nor to suffer. The basic practice of non-violence is not to give each living being any sufferings. Organized panel, Japanese
University of Birmingham, England The Bible and Empires Old and New(10N) The Bible and empire are interlocked and conjoined. When empire flourishes, the Bible, too, flourishes. Like the influx of books on empire, there is also a influx of books on the English Bible. Along with a spate of books on the Bible, there is a proliferation of the Bible itself. The King James Version, once an undisputed universal script, has given way to a number of audience-specific versions such as Resolve (the teenage girl's Bible), The Scroll: The Tabloid Bible, and The Street Bible. The paper attempts to do the following: critically analyse the contents of the new books on the Bible, especially the things these book conceal rather than celebrate; examine the hermeneutical implications of these books as they redirect the current attention from the reader to the book; scrutinize the specialized Bibles and their ties with the corporate empire; consider their interconnection between exegesis and entrepreneurship; look at the type of message these audience- specific Bibles convey; and to investigate how these Bibles transform the way people read and regard the Bible. Organized panel, English
University of Tokyo, Japan Muslim Views of Japan during and after the Russo-Japanese War(10O) It is well known that Japan's victory over Russia in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) made an enormous impact on the Middle East. A lot of Muslim as well as Christian intellectuals came to admire Japan for her success, regarding it as the result of rapid modernization and the patriotic feeling that joined the Emperor Mikado and his royal subjects together in a single whole. Japan was looked up to as a good example to follow. There were even some Muslims who visited Japan in order to propagate Islam. However, their images tended toward idealization and overestimation, with the result that there remained no room for a critical perspective of Japan, which began to take an utilitarian view of the Middle East immediately after the War. I will discuss several instances of Muslim views and images of Japan at that time, including those of poets, politicians, and journalists. Organized panel, English
Aichi Prefectural University, Japan Militarism, Human Sacrifice, and the Pyramids in Teotihuacan(15R) An ancient city with large monuments emerged in Mexican Highlands during the first century A.D. and flourished during several centuries as the most influential state in Mesoamerica until it collapsed rather suddenly around 600. According to the results of recent excavations at the three principal monuments in Teotihuacan, the pyramids, harmoniously integrated into the city plan, had suffered several modification and enlargement processes during this period. Burials of more than 137 people identified as warriors were found at the Feathered Serpent Pyramid, and burials containers sacrificed people of different kinds were uncovered very recently inside the Moon Pyramid. These graves evidently indicate that the erection and rebuilding of the monuments was to justify growing military institutions and to proclaim the sacred rulership l! inked to mythical entities. It is demonstrated that human sacrifices were the most important events taking place conceptually at the center of the universe by the expanding state. Organized panel, English©
Kokugakuin University, Japan The Current State of Shinto Studies(08P) Research on Shinto in the period since 1945 has been undertaken from a multitude of disciplinary approaches, including but not limited to the history of religions, folklore, archeology, literature and history. These trends represent a new vitality and breadth of free research in contrast to the more narrow type of Shinto research undertaken in the previous period, and has led to the proposal of "new nativism" (shin-kokugaku) and other new terms and concepts. The half-century since the end of World War II has also seen a diversification in methodologies and more finely defined research topics. In contrast, it has been pointed out that Shinto research from the broader perspective has been somewhat lacking. Recent decades have seen theological and intellectual research by scholars such as Ueda Kenji, Hatakake Masahiro, and Tani Seigo, while differing periods of Shinto history have been approached by Tanaka Takashi, Okada Shoji, and Sakamoto Koremaru. Recent years have also seen an increasing number of reports in the fields of ritual studies, shrine traditions, and folklore, while the advance of such media as photography, audio, and video has furthered the aims of Shinto research. Classical studies have been advanced by the publication of the 120-volume Shinto taikei and other basic research materials. Organized panel, * Session Abstract
University of Notre Dame, USA (05A) Organized panel Sullivan, Lawrence E. University of Notre Dame, USA Religion and Healing (1)(14J) *chairperson Organized panel
University of Chicago, USA Author Meets Critics: The Impossibility of Religious Freedom(02L) *respondent Roundtable session
University of Tokyo, Japan Rational Choice Theory of Religion Reconsidered(05V) The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the rational choice theory of religion rests on dubious premises. The rational choice theory of religion describes the market model in which pluralistic competition will stimulate religious markets, forcing suppliers to efficiently produce a wide range of alternative faiths well-adapted to the specific needs of consumers. The rational choice theory of religion premises that the market adjusts the balance of supplement and consumption, and brings religious pluralism. Do religious markets always succeed in such a manner? A problem with the premise is that the market tends to create a monopoly rather than pluralistic competition. In conclusion, I argue that religious markets are not always compatible with religious pluralism. Organized panel, English
Gifu-City Women's College, Japan Exchange and Conflict of the Mother God Belief in East Asia(08I) This presentation analyzes the relation between the identity of Chinese circumference countries and the mother god, which represented by the Chinese characters "saint's mother（聖母）" who appeared in the China continent circumference part in the 12th century. These saint's mothers are deified today in Chinese character cultural sphere including Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam. It is hard to think these were born uniquely, respectively and the faith spread. It needs to analyze the influence relation of religion exchange of those. Moreover, in many cases, these saint's mothers have the tradition a heroic woman who played an active part in invasion/defense war with a foreign country, and a legendary king's mother. Probably, such mother god belief played the big role in identity formation of Chinese circumference countries. In this presentation, the special feature of mother god belief of East Asia is considered from the opposite viewpoint of exchange and conflict. Organized panel, Japanese
Gifu-City Women's College, Japan Issues in Contemporary Chinese and Central Asian Traditions(08I) *chairperson Organized panel
Iwate University, Japan At the Forefront of Daoist Studies (1) Aspects of Daoist Philosophies(10H) Organized panel, Japanese Sunayama, Minoru Iwate University, Japan At the Forefront of Daoist Studies (2) Current Studies of Daoist Ritual(11H) Organized panel, Japanese Susa, Shungo Japan
Dose the Absolute Exist in Shinto? On Ise Sadatake's Theory of Shinto(09L) The purpose of this presentation is to investigate the significance of Ise Sadatake's theory of Shinto, which was formed in the Tokugawa Period. The point we should paid attention to is this: Sadatake's academic works show us that he tried to deny all thought which was lacking in transcendental validity, and also in ideal existence. Sadatake made himself a person with the Kami and the manners which attended a Kami with Shinto from his viewpoint. It was also supposed that the doctrine didn't exist in Shinto in his opinion. Further, Sadatake's Shinto theory became severely critical of the scholars of Kokugaku who searched for Shinto in ancient times, believing only in its ideal aspect. The significance of Sadatake's theory of Shinto will be emphasized in this paper. Organized panel, Japanese
Hitotsubashi University, Japan On the "Exception" in Kierkegaard(10Q) Thinkers in the latter half of the 20th century such as J. Derrida and G. Deleuze have criticized pre-Hegelian thinking, which was based on the identity of conceptions. On the other hand, modern thinkers have highly valued Nietzsche's novel view of truth that positively acknowledges difference. My aim is to define the range of thought of Kierkegaard, who is located between Hegel and Nietzsche in the history of thought. There are two phases in Kierkegaard's thought, which contradict each other when first glanced at. Obstinately criticizing the system of Hegel's philosophy, Kierkegaard maintained his relation with Christianity. How can his rejection of this system, by using the concept of "Exception," function as to maintain his Christian belief? Without simply comparing the ideas of these thinkers, I search for the possibility of locating Kierkegaard's unique relationship to the idea that was practiced in aporia. Organized panel, English
Waseda University, Japan The Development of Honji-Suijaku in Medieval Japan ─ Kami in the Jodo Sect(07K) Kami and Buddha were in close relations in medieval Japan. Kami was taken into Buddha by Honji-Suijaku. Then, they gradually became considered as nearly equal. But, before explaining their relations, the Jodo sect had a big problem. It hadn't been recognized by the Jodo sect fundamentally that Kami and Buddha, except for Amitabha, can be worshiped for the peaceful death since Honen explained Senju-Nenbutu. Because this restriction existed, it was difficult for them to define Kami by Honji-suijaku as the other sects did. To deny Kami, however, is to mean the departure from indigenous belief. It becomes a great obstruction in order to expand its organization. So, it was necessary for them to explain what kind of position they had toward Honji-suijaku. This study features the main opinions about Kami argued in the Jodo sect. How did they solve the problems with the different religions? Did the acts bring any results? I'd like to look into these matters in this study. Organized panel, Japanese
The Eastern Institute, Japan What is Onyodo?(07I) The question "what is Onyodo?" requires elucidation. Although the term "Onyodo" can be found in ninth century materials, it referred to the technical knowledge system of the Onyoryo. Such an explanation does not work for understanding the current meaning of Onyodo, which is understood as a magical religion. On the other hand, scholars understand Onyodo as a religious system based on the Yinyang-Wuxing thought. But by this point of view, we can't connect the Onyodo with the Onyojys, who are regarded as shamanic religious specialists. Here, I consider the validity of the general ideal of Onyodo, which made a system from the cosmology of Qi, which came from China and Korea, and its techniques in accordance with Japanese conditions. Organized panel, Japanese
Tohoku University, Japan The Past and Present of Mourning and the Dead in Japan 1(04J) This symposium is structured upon two central problems, "The history of burial graves in Japan" and "Memorials for the war dead in Contemporary Japan." First, by offering examples from the Heian period aristocracy, and while tracing the changes of the burial system of urban Edo during the modern age an examination of Japan's burial system is undertaken. Then we will shed light on the individualization of burial customs and the funerary business within the backdrop of society's urbanization. Next, the questions facing Japan's burial system based on the results of a nationally conducted questionnaire will be presented. Secondly, with a focus on the war dead, the dead and mourning in Japan will be discussed. Beginning with a clarification on the difference in meaning of tsuito (Mourning) and irei (memorial), the problem will be further examined through examples such as the handling of war dead by New Religions, and the memorials to the kamikaze war dead. Finally, a summary of present day Japanese consciousness towards memorials for fallen soldiers, as well as a comparative examination concerning Japan's national war memorial in Okinawa will be considered to ascertain the actual nature of modern Japan's memorials to the war dead. Symposium, * Session Abstract, English Yüklə 3,11 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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