Maximum Penalties for Repeat Drink Driving: Report


Profile of a Drink Driver



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5.2 Profile of a Drink Driver


The overwhelming majority of drink driving offences in Victoria are committed by men (see Figure 5). In 2000 the proportion of first drink driving offences committed by men was over 80 per cent and the proportion of repeat drink driving offences committed by men was over 90 per cent.

Figure 5: Proportion of male and female single and repeat drink drivers, 1988–2000



Year

% Male single offenders

% Male repeat offenders

% Female single offenders

% Female repeat offenders

1988

87.6%

95.6%

12.4%

4.4%

1989

86.5%

95.0%

13.5%

5.0%

1990

86.3%

94.4%

13.7%

5.6%

1991

83.9%

92.9%

16.1%

7.1%

1992

84.4%

93.2%

15.6%

6.8%

1993

84.3%

93.7%

15.7%

6.3%

1994

84.8%

92.1%

15.2%

7.9%

1995

83.9%

92.1%

16.1%

7.9%

1996

82.7%

92.1%

17.3%

7.9%

1997

82.2%

91.9%

17.8%

8.1%

1998

82.4%

92.8%

17.6%

7.2%

1999

82.4%

90.8%

17.6%

9.2%

2000

82.2%

90.5%

17.8%

9.5%

Drink driving is a particular problem for drivers aged 21 to 29 years of age. Figure 6 shows the proportion of repeat drink drivers by their age group at the time of their last offence between 1988 and 2000. Over this period, almost 40 per cent of repeat drink drivers were aged between 21 and 29 years at the time of their most recent offence. This is also the peak age for culpable drivers. Between 1998/99 and 2003/04 the average age of persons sentenced for culpable driving causing death was 28 years.69 As shown earlier in Figure 1, alcohol is the most common major recorded factor in fatal road crashes. In 2004, nearly 42 per cent of all drivers killed were aged between 21 and 25 years old although this age group comprises only 8.5 per cent of the driving population.70

Figure 6: Proportion of repeat drink drivers by age group at time of last offence, 1988–200071



Age

Percentage

15-20yrs

4.5%

21-29yrs

39.5%

30-39yrs

31.3%

40-95yrs

24.7%

Many offenders continue to drive after being disqualified from driving.72 A Western Australian study found that approximately seven per cent of repeat drink drivers admitted to driving at least once while disqualified.73 In Victoria in 2003 one in four (25.2 per cent) drink drivers who had previously committed a drink driving offence were driving without a valid licence at the time of the new offence (see Figure 7).74

Figure 7: Proportion of drink drivers by licence and drink driver status, 200375



Licence

Single offence drink driver

Repeat drink driver

Unlicensed

4.0%

676

11.7%

963

Disqualified or Suspended

0.2%

36

13.6%

1123

Combination of Unlicensed, Disqualified, Suspended

4.2%

712

25.2%

2086

There is also evidence that repeat offenders are more likely to have a high range (0.15 or more) BAC recorded. Figure 8 shows the proportion of repeat drink drivers by recorded BAC. With the exception of the ≤ 0.049 BAC range76, Figure 8 illustrates that as the recorded BAC increases so does the proportion of repeat drink drivers present in the range. Approximately one in four drivers with a low range BAC (0.05 < 0.069) had prior drink driving offences whereas one in three drivers with readings between 0.10 and 0.149 and almost half of those in the highest range BAC (≥ 0.15) are repeat offenders.

Figure 8: Proportion of repeat drink drivers by recorded BAC (gm/100ml), 200377



BAC gm/100ml

% Repeat offenders

≤ 0.049

30.8%

0.05 - 0.069

27.9%

0.07 - 0.099

30.5%

0.10 - 0.149

36.6%

≥ 0.15

47.4%

Drivers with a higher BAC are at increased risk of being involved in a motor vehicle accident. Evidence in New South Wales indicates that while the crash risk associated with a BAC of 0.05 is twice that associated with a zero BAC, the crash risk associated with a BAC of 0.15 is 25 times that associated with a zero BAC.78

Figure 9 shows a relatively consistent trend that between 1987 and 2004 approximately 60 per cent of drink drivers killed in Victoria79 were found to have a BAC of 0.15 or more.



Figure 9: Proportion of fatally injured Victorian drink drivers with a known BAC of 0.05 or more by BAC level, 1987–2004 80

Year

BAC 0.05 < 0.15

BAC > 0.15

1987

36.7%

63.3%

1988

36.8%

63.2%

1989

29.8%

70.2%

1990

17.6%

82.4%

1991

36.1%

63.9%

1992

40.0%

60.0%

1993

43.8%

56.3%

1994

36.5%

63.5%

1995

35.3%

64.7%

1996

35.2%

64.8%

1997

32.6%

67.4%

1998

27.7%

72.3%

1999

43.6%

56.4%

2000

34.6%

65.4%

2001

35.5%

64.5%

2002

45.8%

54.2%

2003

42.1%

57.9%

2004

35.6%

64.4%

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