Maxsus ta’lim vazirligi nizomiy nomidagi Toshkent davlat pedagogika universiteti qoshidagi akademik litsey Nurmatov J. N, Kudratov K. X

Present Tense

Affirmative

I must

You must

He (she, it) must go there

We must

They must

Negative
I must not

You must not

He (she, it) must not go there

We must not

They must not

Question

Must I

Must you

Must he (she, it) go there?

Must we

Must they

Answers:

Yes, I must.

No, I must not (mustn’t) or No, you needn’t.

Present Tense

Have to is equivalent of Must

Affirmative

I have to

You have to

He (she, it) has to go there

We have to

They have to

Negative

I don’t have to

You don’t have to

He (she, it) doesn’t have to go there

We don’t have to

They don’t have to

Question

Do I have to

Do you have to

Does he (she, it) have to go there?

Do we have to

Do they have to

Answers:

Yes, I do.

No, I do not (don’t).

Present Tense

Have got to is synonym of Have to

Affirmative

I have got to

You have got to

He (she, it) has got to go there

We have got to

They have got to
Negative
I have not got to

You have not got to

He (she, it) has not got to go there

We have not got to

They have not got to

Question

Have I got to

Have you got to

Has he (she, it) got to go there?

Have we got to

Have they got to

Answers:
Yes, I have.

No, I have not (haven’t).

Past Tense

Affirmative

I had to

You had to

He (she, it) had to go there

We had to

They had to

Negative

I did not have to

You did not have to

He (she, it) did not have to go there

We did not have to

They did not have to

Question

Did I have to

Did you have to

Did he (she, it) have to go there?

Did we have to

Did they have to

Answers:

Yes, I did.

No, I did not.

Future Tense

Affirmative

I will (shall) have to

You will have to

He (she, it) will have to go there

We will (shall) have to

They will have to

Negative

I will (shall) not have to

You will not have to

He (she, it) will not have to go there

We will (shall) not have to

They will not have to

Question

Will (Shall) I have to

Will you have to

Will he (she, it) have to go there?

Will (Shall) we have to

Will they have to

But there is a difference between must and have to and sometimes this is important:

Must is personal. We use must when we give our personal feelings. ‘You must do something’ = ‘I (the speaker) say it is necessary’: She’s a really nice person. You must meet her (= I say this is necessary). I haven’t phoned Ann for ages. I must phone her tonight.	Have to is impersonal. We use have to for facts, not for our personal feelings. ‘You have to do something’ because of a rule or the situation: You can’t turn right here. You have to turn left (because of the traffic system). My eyesight isn’t very good. I have to wear glasses for reading. George can’t come out with us this evening. He has to work.
Compare:
I must get up early tomorrow. There are a lot of things I want to do.	I have to get up early tomorrow. I’m going away and my train leaves at 7.30

If you are not sure which to use, it is usually safer to use have to.

You can use must to talk about the present or future, but not the past:

• 
  We must go now.
  

• 
  We must go tomorrow (but not ‘We must go yesterday’).
  

You can use have to in all forms. For example:

• 
  I had to go to hospital (past).
  

• 
  Have you ever had to go to hospital? (present perfect)
  

• 
  I might have to go to hospital (infinitive after might)
  

In questions and negative sentences with have to, we normally use do/does/did:

• 
  What do I have to do to get a driving license? (not ‘What have I to do?’)
  

• 
  Why did you have to go to hospital?
  

• 
  Karen doesn’t have to work on Saturdays.
  

Mustn’t and don’t have to are completely different:

You mustn’t do something = it is necessary that you do not do it (so, don’t do it): You must keep it a secret. You mustn’t tell anyone (=don’t tell anyone). I promised I would be on time. I mustn’t be late (=I must be on time).

You don’t have to do something = you don’t need to do it (but you can if you want): You can tell me if you want but you don’t have to tell me (=you don’t need to tell me). I’m not working tomorrow, so I don’t have to get up early.

You can use ‘have got to’ instead of ‘have to’. So you can say:

• 
  I have got to work tomorrow. or I have to work tomorrow.
  

• 
  When has Ann got to go? or When does Ann have to go?
  

Study this example:

• 
  My house is very near the motorway.
  
• 
  It must be very noisy.
  

We use must to say that we feel sure something is true:

• 
  You’ve been travelling all day. You must be tired. (Travelling is tiring and you’ve been travelling all day, so you must be tired)
  
• 
  ‘Jim is a hard worker.’ ‘Jim? A hard worker? You must be joking. He’s very lazy.’
  
• 
  Carol must get very bored in her job. She does the same thing every day.
  

We use can’t to say that we feel sure something is not possible:

• 
  You’ve just had lunch. You can’t be hungry already. (People are not normally hungry just after eating a meal. You’ve just eaten, so you can’t be hungry.)
  
• 
  Brain said he would definitely be here before 9.30. It’s 10 o’clock now and he’s never late. He can’t be coming.
  
• 
  They haven’t lived here for very long. They can’t know many people.
  

Study the structure:

I/you/he (etc.)

must can’t

be (tired/hungry/at work etc.) be (doing/coming/joking etc.) do/go/know/have etc.

For the past we use must have (done) and can’t have (done). Study this example:

George is outside his friends’ house. He has rung the doorbell three times but nobody has answered.
They must have gone out. (otherwise they would have answered)

• 
  The phone rang but I didn’t hear it. I must have been asleep.
  
• 
  I’ve lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere.
  
• 
  Jane walked past me without speaking. She can’t have seen me.
  
• 
  Tom walked straight into a wall. He can’t have been looking where he was going.
  

Study the structure.

I/you/he (etc.)

must can’t

have

been (asleep/at work etc.) been (doing/working etc.) done/gone/known/had etc.

Couldn’t have is possible instead of can’t have:

• 
  She couldn’t have seen me.
  
• 
  Tom couldn’t have been looking where he was going.
  

Note:

I must go there next week

I will have to go there next week. near future
I will have to go to London next year. far future
Examples on unit:
used for saying that it is necessary that smth. happens

1. 
   I must remember to go to the dentist’s today.
   

Мен тиш шифокорига боришим кераклиги ёдимдан чиқмаслиги зарур.

2. 
   Cars must not park in front of the entrance.
   

Кириш йўли қаршисига машиналарни қўйиш маън этилади.

3. 
   You must not sell your things here. It’s forbidden. Сиз бу ерда нарсаларингизни сотишингиз маън этилади. Бу таъқиқланган.
   
4. 
   Must we finish this work today?
   

- Yes, you must. but No, you needn’t.

- Биз бу ишни бугун тугатишимиз шартми?

- Ҳа, шарт. ёки Йўқ, керак эмас.

5. 
   Must I take this horrible medicine?
   

Мен бу расво дорини ичишим шартми?

used for giving smb. Advice

6. 
   You really must see that play. It’s very interesting
   

Сиз дархақиқат бу спектаклни кўришингиз керак. У жуда қизиқарли.
used for saying that you are sure that smth. is true

7. 
   Have something to drink. You must be thirsty.
   

У-бу нарса ичиб олинг. Сиз чанқаган бўлсангиз керак.

8. 
   I can’t find my wallet. I must have left it at home.
   

Мен ҳамёнимни топа олмаяпман. Мен уни уйда қолдирган бўлсам керак.

9. 
   It must have been a great shock when your mother died.
   

Онанг ўлганида, бу нарса сен учун катта изтироб бўлган бўлса керак.

10. 
    You must be (=I suppose you are) the new teacher.
    

Сиз янги ўқитувчи бўлсангиз керак.

but negative is:

11. 
    You can’t be (not ‘mustn’t be’) the new teacher.
    

Сиз бизнинг янги ўқитувчимиз бўлишингиз эҳтимолдан йироқ. (=бўлиши мумкун эмас)

12. 
    This work must be done at once. (or tomorrow)
    

Бу иш дарҳол (ёки эртага) қилиниши шарт.

13. 
    This work must not be done in a hurry.
    

Бу ишни шошилинчда қилиш шарт эмас. (маън этилади)

14. 
    This work must have been done yesterday.
    

Бу иш кеча қилинган бўлса керак. (=эҳтимол бу иш кеча қилинган)

15. 
    He must know her address.
    

У унинг манзилини билса керак.

16. 
    He must be in the library.
    

У кутубхонада бўлса керак.

17. Where is Ann?

- She must be walking in the garden.

- Анна қаерда?

- У боғда сайр қилаётган бўлса керак.

18. They must have forgotten to send us a telegram.

Улар бизга телеграмма жўнатишни унутган бўлсалар керак.

19. I had to do this work last week.

Менга бу ишни ўтган ҳафтада қилишга тўғри келди. (=мажбур бўлдим)

EX 144 Complete these sentences with must or have to (in the correct form). Sometimes it is possible to use either; sometimes only have to is possible.

1. 
   It’s later than I thought. I must or have to go now.
   
2. 
   Jack left before the end of the meeting. He had to go home early.
   
3. 
   In Britain many children ... wear uniform when they go to school.
   
4. 
   When you come to London again, you ... come and see us.
   
5. 
   Last night Don became ill suddenly. We ... call a doctor.
   
6. 
   You really ... work harder if you want to pass the examination.
   
7. 
   I’m afraid I can’t come tomorrow. I ... work late.
   
8. 
   I’m sorry I couldn’t come yesterday. I ... work late.
   
9. 
   Paul doesn’t like his new job. Sometimes he ... work at weekends.
   
10. 
    Caroline, may ... go away next week.
    
11. 
    We couldn’t repair the car ourselves. We ... take it to a garage.
    
12. 
    Julia wears glasses. She ... wear glasses since she was very young.
    

EX 145 Complete these sentences using don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + one of these verbs:

do, got up, go, go, pay, shave, wait, work

1. 
   I’m not working tomorrow, so I don’t have to get up early.
   
2. 
   The car park is free – you ... to park your car there.
   
3. 
   I went to the bank this morning. There was no queue, so I ... .
   
4. 
   Sally is extremely rich. She ... .
   
5. 
   We’ve got plenty of time. We ... yet.
   
6. 
   Jack has got a beard, so he ... .
   
7. 
   I’m not particularly busy. I’ve got a few things to do but I ... them now.
   
8. 
   A man was slightly injured in the accident but he ... to hospital.
   

EX 146 Complete these sentences with mustn’t or don’t / doesn’t have to.

1. 
   I don’t want anyone to know. You mustn’t tell anyone.
   
2. 
   He doesn’t have to wear a suit to work but he usually does.
   
3. 
   I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I ... go to work.
   
4. 
   Whatever you do, you ... touch that switch. It’s very dangerous.
   
5. 
   There’s a lift in the building, so we ... climb the stairs.
   
6. 
   You ... forget what I told you. It’s very important.
   
7. 
   Sue ... get up early. She gets up early because she wants to.
   
8. 
   Don’t make so much noise. We ... wake the baby.
   
9. 
   I ... eat too much. I’m supposed to be on a diet.
   
10. 
    You ... be a good player to enjoy a game of tennis.
    

1. 
   Put in must or can’t.
   

1. 
   You’ve been travelling all day. You must be very tired.
   
2. 
   That restaurant ... be very good. It’s always full of people.
   
3. 
   That restaurant ... be very good. It’s always empty.
   
4. 
   You’re going on holiday next week. You ... be looking forward to it.
   
5. 
   It rained every day during their holiday, so they ... have had a very nice time.
   
6. 
   Congratulations on passing your exam. You ... be very pleased.
   
7. 
   You got here very quickly. You ... have walked very fast.
   
8. 
   Bill and Sue go away on holiday very often, so they ... be short of money.
   

EX 147 Complete the sentences with a verb in the correct form.

1. 
   I've lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere.
   
2. 
   They haven't lived here for long. They can't know many people.
   
3. 
   Ted isn't at work today. He must ... ill.
   
4. 
   Ted wasn't at work last week. He must ... ill.
   
5. 
   (The doorbell rings) I wonder who that is. It can't ... Mary. She's still at work at this time.
   
6. 
   Carol knows a lot about films. She must ... to the cinema a lot.
   
7. 
   Look. Jack is putting on his hat and coat. He must ... out.
   
8. 
   I left my bike outside the house last night and this morning it isn't there any more. Somebody must ... it.
   
9. 
   Ann was in a very difficult situation. It can't ... easy for her.
   
10. 
    There is a man walking behind us. He has been walking behind us for the last 20 minutes. He must ... us.
    

EX 148 Read the situations and use the words in brackets to write sentences with must have and can't have.

1. 
   The phone rang but I didn't hear it. (I / asleep)
   

I must have been asleep.

2. 
   Jane walked past me without speaking. (she / see/ me). She can’t have seen me.
   
3. 
   The jacket you bought is very good quality. (it / very expensive) ... ...
   
4. 
   I haven't seen the people next door for ages. (they / go away) ... ... .
   
5. 
   I can't find my umbrella. (I / leave / it in the restaurant last night) ... ... .
   
6. 
   Don passed the exam without studying for it. (the exam / very difficult) ... ... .
   
7. 
   She knew everything about our plans, (she / listen / to our conversation) ... ... .
   
8. 
   Fiona did the opposite of what I asked her to do. (she / understand / what I said) ... ... .
   
9. 
   When I woke up this morning, the light was on. (I / forget / to turn it off) ... ... .
   
10. 
    The lights were red but the car didn't stop. (the driver / see / the red light) ... ... .
    
11. 
    I was woken up in the middle of the night by the noise next door. (the neighbours / have / a party) ... .
    

EX 149 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

1. 
   Choose the appropriate modal verb.
   

This palace ... at the beginning of that century.

A) must have built		C) must have being built
B) must have been built		D) must have been build
	E) may have being built

2. 
   Choose the appropriate modal verb.
   

- Where is he now?

- He ... in the yard now.

A) must have played		C) must play
B) must being played		D) must be played
	E) must be playing

3. 
   Choose the appropriate modal verb.
   

They ... already ... back to Tashkent.

A) must / have came		C) must / have come
B) must / be come		D) must / be coming
	E) must / come

4. 
   Choose the appropriate modal verb.
   

Children ... at home now.

A) must be		C) must have
B) must have been		D) must been
	E) must being

5. 
   Choose the appropriate modal verb.
   

We ... go there next week.

A) shall be to		C) will have be to
B) shall have to		D) must have been
	E) must being

6. 
   Choose the appropriate modal verb.
   

To my mind, the government ... take care of old people.

A) must be		C) must been
B) must have		D) must
	E) have to be

7. 
   Choose the appropriate modal verb.
   

I ... get up early on week-days.

A) have to got		C) have to
B) must be		D) must have
	E) has to

8. 
   Choose the appropriate modal verb.
   

Nick ... go to bed very late yesterday.

A) has got to		C) have to
B) must be		D) has to
	E) had to

9. 
   Choose the appropriate modal verb.
   

Barbara feels bad. She ... go to see a doctor.

A) have to		C) must be
B) must		D) has got
	E) has to got

10. 
    Choose the appropriate modal verb.
    

“You ... smoke here” – said an old woman angrily.

A) don’t have		C) have not
B) mustn’t not		D) must not
	E) have not got

11. 
    Choose the appropriate modal verb.
    

Nobody answers the phone. They ... .

A) have to be out		C) might been out
B) must have be out		D) must be out
	E) have got be

12. 
    Choose the appropriate modal verb.
    

Have something to eat. You ... .

A) mustn’t be hungry		C) have to be hungry
B) must be hungry		D) must have hungry
	E) must been hungry

13. 
    Choose the appropriate modal verb.
    

There’s a lot of noise from next door. They ... a party.

A) ust be having		C) must being had
B) have to be having		D) have got having
	E) must have being

14. 
    Choose the appropriate modal verb.
    

I can’t find my cheque book. I ... it at home.

A) must have leaved		C) must have leave
B) must be leaving		D) must be leaved
	E) must have left

15. 
    Choose the appropriate modal verb.
    

That car that passed us ... 100 miles an hour.

A) must been have doing		C) must have been doing
B) must have doing been		D) must has been doing
	E) must have been done

16. 
    Choose the appropriate modal verb.
    

You ... photographs in here. It’s forbidden.

A) have to take		C) must take
B) must not take		D) have got to take
	E) haven’t got take

17. 
    Choose the appropriate modal verb.
    

... you ... have a visa to go to America?

A) Will ... have got to		C) Did ... had to
B) Have ... to got		D) Do ... have to
	E) Must ... have to

18. 
    Choose the appropriate modal verb.
    

His car is not in the garage: he ... to the office.

A) must have gone		C) must have going
B) must be gone		D) must been going
	E) must have got go

19. 
    Choose the appropriate modal verb.
    

... you ... go there by tram or ... you ... walk then?

1. 
   Does ... have to / does ... have to
   
2. 
   Did ... have to / did ... have to
   
3. 
   Did ... have to / did ... had to
   
4. 
   Do ... have to / do ... have to
   
5. 
   Did ... had to / did ... have to
   

20. 
    Choose the appropriate modal verb.
    

Whose telephone ... she often ... use?

A) has ... to got		C) does ... have got to
B) does ... have to		D) does ... has to
	E) has ... got

21. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

To get a cheap ticket, you  to book in advance.

A) must		C) must not
B) must be		D) have got to
	E) have

22. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

To get there on time, I  leave home by 8.30.

A) have got		C) shall have got to
B) will have to		D) have
	E) must to

23. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

You  upset when you heard the news.

A) must be		C) must have be
B) have to been		D) must have been
	E) must being

24. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

She  really well to win. I wish I had seen the match.

A) must be playing		C) must play
B) has to play		D) must have been played
	E) must have played

25. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

When  give the books back?

A) had you got to		C) did you have to
B) had you have to		D) did you have got to
	E) will you have

26. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

She  drink two cups of coffee in the morning before she feels really awake.

A) has to		C) have got to
B) has to got		D) must to
	E) must have

27. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

I  see the head teacher. (=she has called me to her office)

A) must		C) have to
B) must be		D) must have
	E) has got to

28. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

I  see the head teacher. (=I want to discuss something with her)

A) have got to		C) have to
B) must		D) have got
	E) must be

29. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

The car broke down and we  get a taxi.

A) had got to		C) must have
B) must		D) had to
	E) must be

30. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

This information  in no circumstances  to general public.

A) mustn’t  be given		C) must  be given
B) must  have given		D) mustn’t  have given
	E) must  being given

EX 150 TRANSLATE INTO UZBEK AND LEARN BY HEART.

1. 
   Christopher Columbus
   

In the fifteenth century people knew only three continents: Europe, Asia and Africa. They knew nothing about such a big continent as America.

The man who was thought to be the discoverer of America was born in 1451 in Italy. His name was Christopher Columbus. He became a sailor at an early age. Knowing that the earth was round, he decided to reach India by sailing to the west. It was very difficult for him to organize his expedition as nobody wanted to help him. Many years after the Spanish government gave him some money for his expedition. He was able to set sail only in 1492, on the 3^rd of August.

The voyage was very dangerous and difficult. His men insisted on returning home, but Columbus did everything he could to make them continue their westward voyage. On the 12^th of October, his ships reached land. When they landed they saw strange trees and flowers. Men and women with olive-coloured skins gathered around them and looked at them with great surprise. It was one of the Bahama Islands. But Christopher Columbus thought it was one of the islands which lie off the coast of Asia and called it San Salvador.

Columbus’ second voyage to America took place in 1493. This time he discovered some other islands of the West Indies and made some settlements there.

On the third voyage he came to South America.

In 1502 he made his last voyage. This time he coasted along the shores of Central America. In 1506 he died in Spain being sure that he had reached Asia and knowing nothing of his great discovery of the New World.

2. 
   Joke
   

Kate: I don’t want to go to school.

Mother: But why?

Kate: I don’t like my teacher.

Mother: But why?

Kate: I think that the teacher hates me.

Mother: Hates you? what are you talking about, darling?

Kate: I’m sure she doesn’t like me. She was angry with me yesterday only because I didn’t know where the USA was.

Little sister: Next time, Kate, don’t forget where you put it.

3. 
   Joke
   

During the rush-hours a group of women got on a London bus, but every seat was already occupied. The conductor noticed a man who seemed to be asleep. “He’ll miss his stop,” he thought, and coming up to the man he said, “Wake up.”

The man opened his eyes and looked at the conductor in surprise.

“I wasn’t asleep,” he said.

“Not asleep? But you had your eyes closed.”

“I know. I just hate to see ladies standing up in a crowded bus,” answered the man.
EX 151 READ THE TEXT
HELICOPTERS TO THE RESCUE!
Both on land and at sea, helicopters have rescued many people. Helicopters can move in very small spaces, and they can land almost anywhere. In addition, they can remain in one place in the air to make a rescue.

The drivers of these cars had been going too fast, and they lost control. When the cars hit each other, several people were hurt. Now they need medical help immediately. The rescue workers are going to give first aid to all the injured people. Then they're going to carry the injured people to the helicopter. The pilot of the helicopter is going to take them to the closest hospital. There the people are going to receive medical help.

I n the second picture, the Coast Guard is helping two boatmen. Their boat is grounded on rocks, and the men have been caught far from land. The Coast Guard rescuers are lowering lifebelts to the men. The boatmen are going to climb into the cage; in the cage they're going to ride Photo twit IPS

up to the helicopter. Then they're going to put on dry clothes and drink some hot coffee. The boatmen hadn't been looking carefully at the sea when they ran into the rocks. They're probably not going to make that mistake a second time!