SUMMARY
Purpose and Significance: The purpose of this study was to examine the
relationship between the policies regarding transition between grades carried out in
Turkey between the years 1923-2014 and the rates of transition between grades and
student flow rates. With this purpose, the following questions were tried to be
answered: (i) What is the quantitative development of the transition between grades
and student flow in Turkey as of periods from the establishment of the Republic to the
present day (1923-2014)? (ii) What are the policies regarding transition between
grades which were carried out as of periods from the establishment of the Republic to
the present day (1923-2014)? (iii) What are the relationships between those policies
and the rates of transition between grades and student flow rates?
Method: This study used one of the mixed method designs, “convergent parallel
research method”. The quantitative data of the study were obtained from the official
statistics published by the Turkey Statistics Institute, Ministry of National Education,
Center for Evaluation, Selection and Placement, and the Council of Higher Education.
The qualitative data were compiled from the publications of the Ministry of National
Education, and the Ministry of Development. Quantitative data were analyzed using
the indicators of the rates of transition between grades and student flow rates in the
six periods between the years 1923 and 2014. Qualitative data were analyzed using
descriptive and content analysis techniques.
Results: The results obtained regarding the change in the rates of transition
between grades (RTBG) were: RTBG decreases if the appropriate capacity increase
in the upper grade would not be provided when there is an increase in the schooling
rate at a formal education grade. Opportunities of school access especially due to the
type of the residential area students live causes either increase or decrease in RTBG.
Social policies carried out by the Government (providing pension, scholarship, etc.)
affects RTBG depending on the economic condition of the family. The education-
employment relationship and income expectations after graduation are effective in
transitions to high school and university. The results obtained regarding the change
in the rates of transition between grades in the six period examined were: Between the
years 1923 and 1968, the first three periods, the rate of transition in formal education
remained at 2% level while it reached 4%, 8%, and 32% in the following periods,
respectively.
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