c h iq i s h i d a n h a m d a M P n i n g ichki s h in a la rid an k eli sh i m u m k i n .
e). U m u m i y i s h la tila d ig a n re gis trlar (U IR ).
K o ’p c h ilik M P lar f o y d a la n u v c h i n i n g i x tiy o r ig a b e r ila d ig a n q o ’s h i m c h a
r e g is tr la r g a eg a. B u r e g is trlar u m u m i y i s h latila d ig an r e g is tr la r d e g a n n o m olgan.
A y r i m M P d a U I R x o tir a qu rilm a s i s ifa tid a x i z m a t qila di. B o s h q a l a r i d a e s a
u la r n in g v azifalari A K n i n g i m k o n iy a tid a n q o l is h m a y d i .
U m u m i y i s h la tila d ig a n re gis trlar s ifa ti d a V v a S, D v a Ye, N v a L va s h u n g a
o ’x s h a g a n R g lar is hlatili shi m u m k i n . B u R g la r n in g h a r q ay sisin i m a n f iy o r t ti r m a
sa n a g ic h i s ifa tid a ish latish m u m k i n . V v a S re gis trlarini b i r g a lik d a m a h s u s 16-
ra zry adli j u f t r e g is tr s if a tid a ishlatish m u m k in .
1.4.3. B o s h q a r i s h s x e m a s i , b o s h q a r u v c h i q u r i l m a ( B Q ) .
M P d a B Q n i n g roli j u d a h am n iu h im d ir. B Q M P n i n g h a m m a
blokla ri ni talab
b o ’y i c h a k e tin a -k e tlik b ila n ishlas hin i u s h ia b tu r a d i . [1]
B Q k o ’rs a tm a si b o ’y i c h a B R g dan n a v b a td a g i b u y ru q n i c h a q i r ib olinadi,
b e ril g an la rn i n i m a qili sh kera klig i an iq la n ad i, key in e s a q o ’y ilg a n m as alan i y e c h is h
u c h u n
k e tm a - k e t
h a r a k a tla r
ishlab
chiqiladi.
O d a t d a
B Q
n in g
ishlashi
p r o g r a m m a l a s h t ir i l g a n b o ’ladi. B K ni M P n in g ich idagi k ic h k in a M P d e sa k b o 'la d i.
D e s h if r a to r ( D S H ) . D e s h if r a to r n in g a s o s iy v a zifas i B R g dagi b u y ru q n i
d e k o d la s h d i r . D e k o d l a g a n d a n keyin B Q o ’z id a n b u y r u q n i bajarish keraklig i
t u g ’risid a x a b a r beradi.
B Q n in g ishlas hi t a y m e r bilan b o g ’lan gan. Q a b u l q i li n a y o tg a n taktli x abarlarni
B Q k o ’p faza li s i n x r o s i g n a ll a r g a (s in x r o x a b a r la r ) a y la n tira d i. Bu y e r d a Fl va F2
fazali x a b a r la r is h lab c h iq ilad i. B o s h q a r u v c h i q u r i l m a y o k i bu fa za d a s in x r o x a b a r
ishlab c h iq a d i va s h u v a q td a x o tira y o k i k ir is h /c h iq is h
qu rilm a la ri tashqi
q u r i lm a la r ig a c h iq i s h x a barlari ishlab chiq adi. Y u q o r i d a keltiril gan ish lardan
ta s h q ari B Q y a n a q u y i d a g i m a x s u s v azifalarn i baja radi: m a n b a n i k e tm a -k e tlik bilan
ulas hni b o s h q a r is h , v a q ti n c h a t o ’xtatish (u zis h ) jara y o n in i b o s h q a ris h . BK b o s h q a
q u r i im a la r q a c h o n v a q a n d a y k e tm a -k e tlik bilan ichki q i y m a t la r s h in a sid an
f o y d a la n a o l is h lilig a q a r o r q a b u l qila di.
1.4.4. M i k r o p r o t s e s s o r n i n g i c h k i q i y m a t l a r s h i n a s i ( i n te r f e y s i) .
M P n in g tu zilis h s x e m a s i shuni k o ’rsa tadiki, y a ’ni 8-raz ry a d li ichki q i y m a t la r
sh inasi A L Q v a re g is tr larn i biri-biri bilan b o g ’laydi v a M P n in g ichki q iy m a tla rin i
u zatib tur adi.
M P n in g h a r b ir f u n k ts io n al bloki q i y m a t la r ichki sh inasi bilan ulangan. L ek in
B Q d a n x a b a r o l m a g u n i c h a u n d a n f o y d a la n a o lm a y d i. Ichki q i y m a t la r
sh inasi ikki
t o m o n l a m a a lo q a q i la d i g a n y o 'l d ir . S h in a la r b o ’y ic h a a lo h i d a b itl ar e m a s , beril g an
s o ’zla r uzatiladi.
S t e k . S te k M P n i n g ichki registrlari y i g ’in d is id an tas h k il etiladi yoki b o ’ lm a s a
s te k tashqi o p e r a t iv x o tir a n i a y rim ajrati lgan q i s m id a b aja ril ad i v a ixtiyo riy
ta n l a n a d i g a n x o t ir a q u r i im a s i n in g t ark ib ig a kiradi. S t e k g a m u r o j a a t qili sh va u n g a
a d r e s la s h s t e k n in g k o ’rsa tu v ch i registri or qali a m a l g a o s hirila di.
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S t e k n in g
y a c h e y k a s i g a
m a ’lu m o tla r
k e t m a - k e t j o y la s h t i r il a d i.
S te k d a n
m a ’ lu m o t l a r j o y l a s h t i r i l g a n g a tes k ari b o ’lgan ta r t i b d a o lin a d i. Y a ’ni birin chi
y o z il g a n m a ’l u m o t, a d res , o p e r a n d o x i r id a o ’qila di ( c h a q ir ila d i) . O x ir g i y o z ilg a n
m a ’lu m o t, a d res e s a b irin c h i c h iq a rila d i. Stekni m is o li i n g i c h k a id is h g a o ’xs h a t s a k
b o ’ladi. U n g a b irin c h i s o l i n g a n o lm a n i f a q at h a m m a o l m a l a m i o l g a n d a n k e y in g i n a
o l is h in g i z m u m k i n . O x i r g i s o l i n g a n o l m a e s a b irin c h i b o ’iib o lin adi. B u n d a y
xotirani L1FO ( L a s t - Ln First - But - o x ir id a kirdi - b irin ch i c h iq d i ) deyil adi.
S t e k n in g xo tirasi p o d p r o g r a m m a l a r
b ila n i s h la g a n d a , v a q t i n c h a t o ’xt at ish da,
tr a n s ly a to rla r n i t u z i s h d a v a s h u n g a o ’x s h a s h l a r d a x i z m a t q i li s h d a j u d a q u lay d ir.
X M ni v a q ti n c h a t o ’x t a t g a n d a u n i n g x o tir a sin i, m a r k a z i y p ro tse sso rin i tashqi
p e r if e r iy a ix ti y o rig a
b e r il g a n d a t u g a l l a n m a g a n
a m a l n i n g
n ati jas in i y o ’q o tib
q o ’y m a s l i k u c h u n h a m d a v a q t i n c h a t o ’x tatilg a n p r o g r a m m a n i n g qa ysi a d r e s d a n
b o s h l a b b a ja ris h k e rak lig in i st ek tashkil etib beradi. Y a ’ni s te k k a n a v b a td a
b a ja ril ish i
k e r a k
b o ’lgan
p r o g r a m m a n i n g ,
p o d p r o g r a m m a n i n g
adresi
y o z ib
q o ’yila di. B u l a r n i n g h a m m a s i stekni k o ’r satk ic h re gis tri ( S V ) orq ali a m a l g a
o s hirila di.
S t e k n in g k o ’rsa tk ic h regis tri s t e k n in g o ’z g a r u v c h i c h o ’q q is i (b a la n d lig i)
a d resin i o ’z ich ig a oladi. B u y r u q baja rilish i j a r a y o n i d a s te k k o ’rsatk ic h in in g ,
q iy m a ti a v to m a ti k r a v is h d a b itta g a ( a g a r d a x o tir a bir baytli s o ’z b o ’ lsa),
ikkit aga
k o ' p a y i b yoki k a m a y i b tu rad i ( a g a r d a x o t ir a d a ikki baytli s o ’z b o ’lsa va s h u n g a
o ’x s h a sh ).
Y a n g i s o ' z y u k la n is h i k e rak b o ’lsa, a v v a lo Z R n i n g q i y m a t i, f a q at k e y in g i n a
e s a b u s o ' z m o d if i k a ts iy a l a n g a n SP k o ’rsa tg an y a c h e y k a g a y o z ila d i.
S t e k d a n s o 'z n i c h iq a r ib o l is h d a av v alo S P k o ’rs a tib t u r g a n y a c h e y k a n i n g
q iy m a ti o ’qiladi, faq at k e y i n g i n a e s a Z R n in g q iy m ati b i tt a g a ort adi.
Indeksli re g is trlar (1R). Indeksl i re gis trlar k a n a l i n in g p r o g r a m m a s i d a u m u m i y
r e g is tr la r d e k ishiat ila di. U n d a n tas h q ari, indeksli r e g is tr d a n x o tira d ag i o p e ran d larn i
a d r e s l a s h u c h u n fo y d a la n ila d i. Indeksl i a d r es la s h turla ri s if a tid a IR y o r d a m i d a
a v to i n k r e m e n tl i in d ek s li a d r e s la s h n i o ’tk az is h m u m k i n . B u m a s s i v d a g i q iy m a tla r n i
q a y ta is h la s h g a j u d a q u l a y d i r .
N i q o b l i s o li s h t ir u v c h i re g is tr ( N S R ). Bu r e g is tr k a n a l n i n g p r o g r a m m a s i d a
u m u m i y re g is tr la r d e k yok i niqobli so lish tir ish u c h u n ishlatili ish i m u m k i n . X o tirag a
t o ' g ' r i d a n - t o ’g ' r i t u s h i s h d a n iq o b li solish tirish u c h u n ish iat ila di. N i q o b l i so lishtirish
a jr a tilg a n b a y t n i n g ra zry a d la rin i ( o p e ra n d n i, b u y ru q n i y o k i u z a tila v o tg a n b aytn i)
a v v a l d a n b erib q o ' y i l g a n q i y m a t b ila n so lis h tiris h g a i m k o n b e rad i. B u n i n g u c h u n
N S R ni ka tta b a y tig a o p e r a t o r n i q iziq tira d ig a n r a z r y a d in i a jra tu v c h i n iq o b
y u k l a n a d i , bu r e g is tr n in g k i c h k i n a b a y ti g a e s a so lis h tiru v c h i q i y m a t y u k la n a d i. (1 .8 -
rasm ).
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