Nabokov, Nicolas [Nikolay]

Neuman, Daniel Moses

(b Lausanne, 18 Jan 1944). American ethnomusicologist. He was educated at Illinois University where he earned the BA (1965) and PhD (1974) in anthropology; his principal teacher was Bruno Nettl. From 1971 he was affiliated to Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, until 1980 when he joined the faculty at Washington University, Saint Louis, where he served as director of the School of Music (1984–94) and was professor of music in 1986. In 1995 he was appointed professor of ethnomusicology at UCLA and became dean of the School of Arts and Architecture (1996). He served as chair of the committee on ethnomusicology for the American Institute of Indian Studies (1985–94) and was a member of the Indo-U.S. Sub-Commission for Education and Culture (1988–93). He was also associate editor of Ethnomusicology (1978–81). The main focus of his work is on India and the social organization of musical culture.

WRITINGS

‘The Cultural Structure and Social Organization of Musicians in North India’ (diss., U. of Illinois, 1974)

‘Country Musicians and their City Cousins: the Kinship of Folk and Classical Music Culture in North India’, IMSCR XII: Berkeley 1977, 603–8

‘The Social Organization of Hindustani Music’, EthM, xxi (1977), 233–45

‘Gharanas: the Rise of Musical Houses in Delhi and Neighboring Cities’, Tradition and Change in Eight Urban Musical Cultures, ed. B. Nettl (Urbana, IL, 1978), 186–222

The Life of Music in North India: the Organization of an Artistic Tradition (Detroit, 1980/R)

‘Music [of South Asia]’, Cambridge Encyclopedia of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, ed. F. Robinson (Cambridge, 1989), 445–9

with S. Blum, P.V. Bohlman, eds.: Ethnomusicology and Modern Music History: Festschrift for Bruno Nettl (Urbana, IL, 1991) [incl. ‘Epilogue: Paradigms and Stories’, 268–77]

‘Patronage and Performance of Indian Music’, The Powers of Art: Patronage in Indian Culture, ed. B.S. Miller (New York, 1992), 247–58

GREGORY F. BARZ

Neumann, Angelo

(b Vienna, 18 Aug 1838; d Prague, 20 Dec 1910). Austrian impresario. He studied as a baritone with Therese Stilke-Sessi, made his début in 1859 and appeared in Kraków, Pressburg (now Bratislava), Prague, Ödenburg (now Sopron) and Danzig (now Gdańsk). From 1862 to 1876 he sang at the Vienna Hofoper, where he witnessed Wagner's own 1875 productions of Tannhäuser and Lohengrin. By 1876 he had changed careers and went to Leipzig as director under August Förster. Within six years he had staged all the Wagner operas including, in 1878, the first Ring cycle outside Bayreuth. In 1882 Neumann took the Ring to London for its first performances there. The conductor at Leipzig was Josef Sucher, later succeeded by Anton Seidl, but Neumann also introduced the young Arthur Nikisch. In 1882 he left Leipzig to form his own touring company, the Richard Wagner-Theater. Its first tour was to Breslau (now Wrocław), Danzig, Magdeburg, Hamburg, Lübeck and Bremen. There he accepted the post of director, which he held until 1885. The company continued its travels in 1882 throughout Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium, and also to Italy, Austria and Hungary. Neumann contracted Seidl to conduct and engaged most of the leading Wagnerian singers of the day, including Georg Unger, Heinrich and Therese Vogl, Hedwig Reicher-Kindermann and Amalie Materna, but also gave the young Katharina Klafsky her first opportunity. In 1885 Neumann went to the German Theatre in Prague as director, and in 1889 revived his touring company for a Ring cycle in Russia under Carl Muck.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Neumann: Erinnerungen an Richard Wagner (Leipzig, 1907; Eng. trans., 1908/R)

E. Brody: ‘The Jewish Wagnerites’, OQ, i/3 (1983–4), 66–80

J. Ludvová: ‘Osobnosti Nového německého divadla: Angelo Neumann’ [Personalities of the Neues Deutsches Theater, Prague: Angelo Neumann], HRo, xlv (1992), 181–3

CHRISTOPHER FIFIELD

Neumann, Anton

(b Brno, 1720–30; d 21/22 Nov 1776). German composer of Moravian descent. He received his musical education from the tower musicians of the town. In 1758 he was married and by the beginning of 1759 was chamberlain and musical director at the court of the Olomouc Bishop Leopold Egk (1758–60) in Kroměříž with an annual salary of 350 florins. In this capacity he served Egk's successor as well, Maximilian Hamilton. In 1763 Neumann left Kroměříž, and in 1764 he was engaged for the music at the coronation of Joseph II in Frankfurt. From 1764 to 1765 he served as music director to Archbishop Kajetan Śółtyk in Kraków. In 1765 he applied unsuccessfully for the post of town musician in Brno. He returned to Moravia in 1769 and on 1 July he became musical director of Olomouc Cathedral, in succession to Josef Gurecký. In this post he tried, by increasing the instrumental resources, to raise the artistic level of music in the cathedral and to consolidate the authority of the conductor, a policy which made him many enemies among his subordinates. On 16 July 1769 he married his second wife, Juliana Müller, from Vienna.

It seems that during his time at the bishop's court Neumann composed only instrumental music: symphonies and string trios of a pre-Classical type. A 1760 inventory of Leopold Egk's orchestra notes the incipits of 41 symphonies and 21 trios by him. Neumann was possibly also the composer of some lost divertimentos for baryton, viola and cello formerly in the collection of Nikolaus Esterházy. He presumably began to write church music from 1769, the time of his cathedral appointment. His eight surviving symphonies are in three movements. The opening movements are in a sketchily defined sonata form with comparatively extended development sections. Neumann was at his best in slow, emotionally charged movements. His finales are usually in triple time and of a dance character. His sacred music is pre-Classical in style, with much use of triplets and decorative melodic lines, and little counterpoint.

WORKS

MSS in CZ-Bm, KRa, Pnm

8 symphonies; 6 partitas, 2 eng hn, 2 hn, 1 bn; 2 str qts; 3 str trios; 1 sonata, vn, hpd

7 masses; 2 Requiems; 7 litanies; 10 smaller church works

BIBLIOGRAPHY

J. Sehnal: ‘Kapela olomouckého biskupa Leopolda Egka a její repertoár (1758–1760)’, ČMm, l (1965), 203–26, esp. 207, 215

J. Sehnal: ‘Die Musikkapelle des Olmützer Bischofs Maximilian Hamilton (1761–1776)’, Mf, xxiv (1971), 411–17, esp. 415

J. Sehnal: ‘Das Musikinventar des Olmützer Bischofs Leopold Egk aus dem Jahre 1760 als Quelle vorklassischer Instrumentalmusik’, AMw, xxix (1972), 285–317, esp. 290, 301

‘The Acta Musicalia of the Esterházy Archives (nos.36–100)’, Haydn Yearbook 1983, 9–28, esp. 93–4

J. Sehnal: Hudba v olomoucké katedrále v 17. a 18. století [Music at Olomouc Cathedral in the 17th and 18th centuries] (Olomouc, 1988), 45–50, 133–47

JIŘÍ SEHNAL