Сборник материалов международной научной конференции студентов, магистрантов, аспирантов
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Н.И. Стешиц, В.В. НовосадецРеспублика Беларусь, Брест, БрГУ имени А.С. Пушкина Научный руководитель – Н.Н. Домбровская ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSEnvironmental problems have become one of the most urgent problems of modern society. More and more people suffer from air and water pollution. Nature also suffers from land and nuclear pollution. The reasons for such environmental problems are numerous. Among them increasing number of cars in the streets, factory waste, millions of cut down trees, destroyed habitats of animals, contaminated rivers and seas. The poisoning of the world’s land, air, and water is the fastest-spreading disease of civilization. It probably produces fewer headlines than wars, earthquakes and floods, but it is potentially one of history’s greatest dangers to human life on earth. All across the world, people are facing a wealth of new and challenging environmental problems every day. Some of them are small and only affect a few ecosystems, but others are drastically changing the landscape of what we already know. Current environmental problems require urgent attention. Let us consider the environmental problems. Discovery of the hole in the ozone layer showed that human activity has a major impact on the Earth. The damage of ozone in the stratosphere high above the planet’s surface has been brought about as the result of the widespread use of chemicals, which under normal conditions are chemically inert and harmless. Ozone Layer Depletion: The ozone layer is an invisible layer of protection around the planet that protects us from the sun’s harmful rays. Depletion of the crucial Ozone layer of the atmosphere is attributed to pollution caused by Chlorine and Bromide found in Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s). Once these toxic gases reach the upper atmosphere, they cause a hole in the ozone layer, the biggest of which is above the Antarctic. The CFC’s are banned in many industries and consumer products. Ozone layer is valuable because it prevents harmful UV radiation from reaching the earth. This is one of the most important current environmental problems. The “greenhouse effect” often gets a bad rap because of its association with global warming, but the truth is we couldn't live without it. What Causes the Greenhouse Effect? Life on earth depends on energy from the sun. About 30 percent of the sunlight that beams toward Earth is deflected by the outer atmosphere and scattered back into space. The rest reaches the planet’s surface and is reflected upward again as a type of slow-moving energy called infrared radiation. The heat caused by infrared radiation is absorbed by “greenhouse gases” such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone and methane, which slows its escape from the atmosphere. Global Warming: Climate changes like global warming is the result of human practices like emission of Greenhouse gases. Global warming leads to rising temperatures of the oceans and the earth’ surface causing melting of polar ice caps, rise in sea levels and also unnatural patterns of precipitation such as flash floods, excessive snow or desertification. Climate Change: Climate change is yet another environmental problem that has surfaced in last couple of decades. It occurs due to rise in global warming which occurs due to increase in temperature of atmosphere by burning of fossil fuels and release of harmful gases by industries. Climate change has various harmful effects but not limited to melting of polar ice, change in seasons, occurrence of new diseases, frequent occurrence of floods and change in overall weather scenario. Overpopulation: The population of the planet is reaching unsustainable levels as it faces shortage of resources like water, fuel and food. Population explosion in less developed and developing countries is straining the already scarce resources. Intensive agriculture practiced to produce food damages the environment through use of chemical fertilizer, pesticides and insecticides. Overpopulation is one of the crucial current environmental problems. Natural Resource Depletion: Natural resource depletion is another crucial current environmental problem. Fossil fuel consumption results in emission of Greenhouse gases, which is responsible for global warming and climate change. Globally, people are taking efforts to shift to renewable sources of energy like solar, wind, biogas and geothermal energy. The cost of installing the infrastructure and maintaining these sources has plummeted in the recent years. Acid Rain: Acid rain occurs due to the presence of certain pollutants in the atmosphere. Acid rain can be caused due to combustion of fossil fuels or erupting volcanoes or rotting vegetation which release sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere. Acid rain is a known environmental problem that can have serious effect on human health, wildlife and aquatic species. Water: Pure Water is in short supply. Our global reserves of drinkable water are a fraction of 1% and 1 in 5 humans does not have access to potable (safe) water. Many people do not realize that strife has already broken out in some stressed regions. There are many potential solutions, some promising, others challenging. Desalinization is an energy-inefficient, expensive option. But there are many things you can do. (Hint: it starts with turning off the faucet when you brush). Have you ever imagined an environment that is not green, full of waste, and unclean? Preserving and protecting our environment is one of the main goals of the government of every country in the world. A country when we can see an environment that is green, waste less and clean is surely a successful country. To have this, these are the ways: • Recycle as many things as you can. Recycling things is the best way to lessen and avoid global warming and climate change. • Avoid burning garbage to lessen global warming. Learn to sell and recycle things to be practical nowadays. • Refrain from using air conditioner. Instead use electric fans than air con. Air condition has chlorofluorocarbon. • Plant vegetable on your own backyard. This will help you to prevent using cars to go to the market. This will also help in lessening air pollution. • Don’t throw trashes everywhere. This will help in lessening pollutions in air, water, and land. • Use hair gels than hairsprays or aerosols. Hair sprays or aerosols have CFC or chlorofluorocarbons. • Plant trees. These also help in lessening the air pollutions. This gives us oxygen that we breathe. • Turn off unused electric appliances. These will lessen the energy conserve and avoid global warming. • Avoid using Liquefied Petroleum Gas. Instead use LPG has more chlorofluorocarbon than using charcoal. Charcoal is also much cheaper than LPG. • Avoid using cars if it is just a short distance trip. It is a bad cause of the global warming and climate change. • Avoid throwing chemicals in different places. This can cause pollutions like air pollutions, water pollutions and land pollution. These climate change and global warming will be lessened and will not affect us not that worst. Even Millennium Development Goals would be promoted and be achieved. On your own work and deeds … Can you do these?
В статье раскрываются проблемы окружающей среды, возникающие в современном мире в связи с деятельностью человека. Рассматриваются такие проблемы, как глобальное потепление, изменение климата, кислотные дожди, перенаселение, исчезновение природных ресурсов. Авторы показывает пути, способствующие сохранению и защите окружающей среды. Yüklə 1,51 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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