Nasiraddin Tusi

Nasiraddin Tusi

Mohammed bin Hasan al-Tusi was born on Friday, February 17, 1201 in Tus. Some sources state that his origin is from the city of Sakkah, which is located between Zanjan and Hamadan, and was known by the Tusi ratio for his birth in Tus.

He received his first education from his father, and then went on to study in the cities of Hamadan and Tus with well-known scholars of his time - Ibn Sina and Bahmanyar al-Azerbaijan.

The comprehensive and in-depth knowledge he gained has made Muhammad popular in the scientific world. From a young age, he has attracted the attention of a number of rulers. When he was thirty years old, the head of the Ismaili people of Kuhistan invited him to his palace and asked the young scientist to write a book about morality. In 1235, Nasiraddin Tusi completes the famous work of "Ethics-i-Nasiri", which later brought him world fame and translated into many languages. However, Tusi was arrested after some discontent and was taken to the Alamut castle, an area inaccessible to the Ismailis. He lived here in exile. Tusi has worked with the Ismailis for more than 12 years, despite the intolerable moral pressures, using the rich library in the castle. The scholar wrote at the end of his famous work, "Sharh al-Isharat", completed in 1242, commenting on the philosophical treatise of Abu Ali Ibn Sina: "I wrote most of the chapters of this book under very difficult conditions. could not. "

In 1253, the grandson of Chingiz khan Hulaku khan started the Middle East. His troops seized the Alamut castle, which was regarded as inhuman in 1256, put an end to the rule of the Ismaili state, and liberated Tusini and other scholars. Nasiraddin Tusi Hulaku khan's personal adviser was appointed.

The Hulaku khan's capital is located in 1260. The leaders of this new state, called Elkhanis, were "Elkhan" (el khan). As the capital of her country, Hulaku khan chooses Maraga, one of the ancient cultural centers of Azerbaijan, and then Tabrizi. At the same time, Tusi began building the Maragha Observatory.

Tusi died in Baghdad on June 25, 1274 (67 Zoroastrian 672) and by his own will was the 7th Shi'a Imam Museyi-Kazim with his grandson, 9th Imam of the 12 imams of the twelve Imams, in Kazimeyn Mosque, near Baghdad. He was buried at the foot of Muhammad Taqi's tombs. Nasiraddin Tusi, who had been in power for 47 years with the Hijri date, was buried in a cemetery that had been vacated for some reason (oddly enough, the saddle was completed on February 17, 1201 (597) on 11 February. Nasiraddin Tusi was born and lived 75 years 7 months and 7 days with the Hijri date).

The issue of Nasiraddin Tusi's national origin and affiliation is always relevant. The fact that Nasiraddin Tusi's pupil and successor Ibn al-Fuwati (1244-1326) in his multilingual work "A summary of news articles in the dictionary of nicknames" is of particular importance to prove that his nationality is of Persian origin.

It is noteworthy that Ibn al-Fuwat was captured and captured by Nasiraddin Tusi from the beginning of 1261 (659) when the Mongols invaded Baghdad in 1258.

Ibn al-Fuwat wrote that when Nasiraddin Tusi arrived in Maragha, Fahraddin Luqman from his noble family met with his son Maragai and gave him the following task: Let Erbil, Mosul and Algeria have abandoned Maragh and Tabriz for the past 40 years. . Fahraddin Maragayi was able to bring back about 500 families. It shows Nasiraddin Tusi's deep love for his countrymen.

Nasiraddin Tusi was interested in various fields of science. More than a hundred of his serious works were devoted to astronomy, mathematics, physics, medicine, philosophy, ethics, logic and other areas of science. Nevertheless, Nasiraddin's creativity has a special place in astronomy and mathematics research. Tusi is the author of more than twenty successful studies in these areas. His works on mathematics were written exclusively in Arabic, while his studies on astronomy were written in both Persian and Arabic.