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Grammatika

Modal Verbs and Their Equivalents

Modal fe’llar va ularning ekvivalentlari

Modal fe’llar anglatgan ma’nosiga ko’ra majburiylik, keraklik, mumkinlik, zarurlik, xoxish va ruxsatni bildiradi. Ingliz tilidagi modal fe’llar: can (o’tgan zamonda — could) bajara olmoq., qo’lidan kelmok, may utgan zamonda — might) ruxsat etmok must (o’tgan zamon formasi yo’q) buyruq.va majburiylikni bildiradi.
M a s a l a n:

I can speak English Men inglizcha gapira olaman.

He must go to the library Darsdan so’ng u kugubxonaga borishi

after the lessons . kerak

You may take the book. Siz kitobni olishingiz mumkin.
So’roq, gaplarda modal fe’llar egadan avval qo’yiladi. Javob qisqa buladi.

Can you speak English? Yes, I can.

No, I cannot (can't).

Must he go to the library after the lesson?

Yes, he must. No, he must not (musn’t)

May I take the book? Yes, you may.

No, you may not.
Bulishsiz gapda not yuklamasi modal fe’ldan keyin qo’yiladi.

He must not (musn’t) go to the library after the lessons.

Uchinchi shaxs birlikda modal fe’lga hech qanday qo’shimcha qo’yilmaydi, undan keyin to yuklamasi ishlatilmaydi. (Faqat ought to — kerakdan tashqari).
Modal fe’llar can, may, mustning bir nechta ekvivalenti bor, ular kelasi va o’tgan zamon shakllarida ishlatiladi;

can — to be able to; may — to be allowed to (majhul nisbatda); must — to have to, to be to, ought to, should ekvivalentlariga ega.

1.1 must read this book. 2.1 can translate this text. 3. You may go to the cinema. 4.1 ought to read this book. 5.1 can write this exercise.

V. Quyqdagi gaplarni so’roq va bo’lishsiz gaplarga aylantiring:

Zamon Fe’l	Present	Past	Future
Qila olmoq, bora olmoq	I can go I am able to go	I could go I was able to go	— I'll be able to go
mumkin, ruxsat beriladi	You may go You are allowed to go	You might go You were allowed to go	— You'll be allowed to go
majbur, kerak, shart	I must go I have to go	— I had to go	— I'll have to go
kerak (kelishilgan)	I am to go	I was to go	—
kerak	You ought to go	—	—
kerak, majbur	You should go	—	—

Endi grammatik materialni mashqdarda mustahkamlaymiz.

III. Jadvaldan foydalanib gaplarni tarjima qiling:
1.1 am able to do it.

2. I have to do it.

3. She was allowed to do it.

4. I am not allowed to do it

5. I shall not be able to do it

6. He was to do it.

7. I could do it.

8. We might not do it.

IV. Quyidagi mashqni namunadan foydalanib, bajaring:

N a m u n a: I can read this book.

He is able to read this book.

1.1 can do this work. 2. She must go. 3. He may come in. 4. He can speak English well. 5. We must work at our project. 6. You can tell them about your plan. 7. He must speak with you..

VI. Quyidagi gaplarni ingliz tiliga tarjima qiling:
1. Siz inglizcha gapira olasizmi? 2. Kirsam maylimi? 3. Men buni aytishim shart emas edi. 4. Siz buni qilishingiz kerak emas. 5. Siz bu haqda eslashingiz kerak. 6. Men uyga ketishim lozim.
Noaniq olmosh one ning modal fe’llar bilan birgalikda kelishini esda saqlang:

one says — aytishlaricha one

never knows — hech kim hech qachon bilmaydi

one can do — har kim qila oladi

one may enter — har kim kirishi mumkin

one must do — har kim qilishi kerak (lozim, shart)

one must not do — hech kim qilmasligi kerak
VII. Quyidagi gaplarni tarjima qiling:

1. One must know at least one foreign language.

2. If one wants to study, one can always find time for it.

3. One can easily do it.

4. One must work hard at a foreign language if one wants to master it.

5. One mustn't be late for classes.

6. What can one see out of the window of your classroom?

7. One may take magazines from the library.

8. One needn't use a dictionary if the text is simple.

9. One must know a lot of words to read books on one's speciality.

VIII. Modal fe’llar va ularning ekvivalentini ishlatib ingliz

tiliga tarjima qiling:

1. Biz inglizcha ro’znomani o’qiy olmaymiz.

2. U savollarga javob bera oldi.

3. Siz bugun darsda bo’lishingiz kerak

4. U onasiga sovg’a olishi lozim.

5. Darsga kirish mumkinmi? Ha

6. U inglizcha so’zlarni yod olishi kerak

7.Men do’stimni ko’rishim kerak. U kasal.

8. Siz xatolarni topa olasizmi? Yo’q. Men mashqni o’qiy olaman.

9. Siz o’qituvchi bilan dialogni o’qiy olasizmi?

10. Biz darsdan so’ng kutubxonaga bora olamiz.