1. Introduction
Engineering machines and components are prone
to structural failures during their service time due to certain
technical reasons. The technical breakdowns sometime lead
to high economic imbalance and can also be fatal to life and
property. The unfortunate failures are often due to some
flawed engineering manufacturing techniques or even due
to material failure [1].
Predicting the failure and evaluating the breakage
characteristics of engineering components are crucial in de-
termining the life of the component and also increase their
maintenance and safety in daily life. The fundamental ne-
cessity is to analyse these structural failures with a hope of
obtaining a certain set of results which might be helpful in
the improvements of the structural integrity of the compo-
nents. The analysing and predictions of material failures can
be attained through experimental and numerical simulations
in tandem.
This research study deals with the modelling and
numerical simulations of an aluminium alloy specimen in
3D stress-state and thereby predicting the fatigue failure of
the material subjected to external cyclic loadings. To predict
the failure of a component, a specimen with an induced hole
can be evaluated through cyclic loading process. It is based
on the fact that the presence of a holes tends to modify the
stresses present locally on the component that the elastic de-
formation and the stresses attributed with them are totally
insufficient for the design against fracture. It is based on the
assumption that the specimen undergoes complete fracture
when the hole reaches its critical size even though the stress
at the critical area is much lower than the yield stress of the
component. The critical size of the hole is based on the ap-
plication of the load and the number of load cycles it under-
goes. [2].
The main aim of this research is to present and val-
idate the numerical method for the study of the influence of
holes present in the engineering components. Finite element
method was applied for numerical simulation. In this study
the tension, torsion, combined tension-torsion and fatigue
loads was applied. The experimental testing data of mechan-
ical properties was used in numerical simulation as input
data. This research study investigates the three-dimensional
stress-strain state and fatigue prediction of D16T aluminium
alloy which is predominantly used in the aerospace and au-
tomobile industries for their high strength-to-weight ratio
and much better physical properties. The different specimen
models are then analysed and the most efficient one was se-
lected for the preliminary experimental tests.
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