The Arabic Language

 Evolution des pratiques 
et répresentations langagières dans le Maroc du XXIe siècle
, Paris: L’Harmattan, pp. 
175–88.
Hoogland, Jan, Kees Versteegh and Manfred Woidich (2003). 
Woordenboek Nederlands–
Arabisch, Arabisch–Nederlands
, Amsterdam: Bulaaq.
Hopkins, Simon (1984). 
Studies in the Grammar of Early Arabic based upon Papyri Datable 
to Before A.H. 300/A.D. 912
, London: Oxford University Press.
Hospers, Johannes H. (1974). 
A Basic Bibliography for the Study of the Semitic Languages
, 
Leiden: Brill, vol. II.
Hourani, Albert (1970). 
Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age (1798–1939)
, London: Oxford 
University Press.
Hoyt, Frederick (2008a). ‘Noun Phrase’, 
EALL
, vol.
 
III, pp. 428–34.
Hoyt, Frederick (2008b). ‘Nominal Clauses’, 
EALL
, vol.
 
III, pp. 381–8.
Hoyt, Frederick (2009a). ‘Verb Phrase’, 
EALL
, vol.
 
IV, pp. 646–52.
Hoyt, Frederick (2009b). ‘Verb Clause’, 
EALL
, vol.
 
IV, pp. 653–9.
Howell, Mortimer Sloper (1883–1911). 
A Grammar of the Classical Arabic Language Trans
-
lated and Compiled from the Most Approved Native or Naturalized Authors
(repr. Delhi: 
Gian Publishing, 1986).
Høygilt, Jakob (2008). ‘Varieties of Persuasion in Modern Forms of Islamic Prosely
-
tizing in Egypt’, in Miller and Haeri (eds), 
Langues, religion et modernité
, pp. 243–62.
Hoyland, Robert G. (2001). 
Arabia and the Arabs from the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam
, 
London: Routledge.
Hudson, Alan (2002). ‘Outline of a Theory of Diglossia’, 
IJSL
,
 
157: 1–48.
Huehnergard, John (1991). ‘Remarks on the Classification of the Northwest Semitic 
Languages’, in Jacob Hoftijzer and Gerrit van der Kooij (eds),
 The Balaam Text from 
Deir ‘Alla Re-evaluated.
Proceedings of the International Symposium
, Leiden, 21–24 
August 1989, Leiden: Brill, pp. 282–93.
Humbert, Geneviève (1995). 
Les voies de la transmission du 
Kitāb 
de Sībawayhi
, Leiden:
Brill.
Ibrahim, Zeinab (2008). ‘Lexical Variation: Modern Standard Arabic’, 
EALL
, vol.
 
III, pp. 
13–21.
Ibrahim, Zeinab (2009). 
Beyond Lexical Variation in Modern Standard Arabic: Egypt, Lebanon, 
and Morocco
, Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Idrissi, Ali, Jean-François Prunet and Renée Béland (2008). ‘On the Mental Representa-
tion of Arabic Roots’, 
LI
,
 
39: 221–59.
Ingham, Bruce (1971). ‘Some Characteristics of Meccan Arabic’, 
BSOAS
, 34: 273–97.
Ingham, Bruce (1973). ‘Urban and Rural Arabic in Khuzistan’, 
BSOAS
, 36: 533–53.

---

356
The Arabic Language
Ingham, Bruce (1976). ‘Regional and Social Factors in the Dialect Geography of 
Southern Iraq and Khuzistan’, 
BSOAS
, 39: 62–82.
Ingham, Bruce (1982). 
North-east Arabian Dialects
, London: Kegan Paul.
Ingham, Bruce (1994a). ‘The Arabic Language in Iran’, 
IJoAL
, 20: 103–16.
Ingham, Bruce (1994b). ‘The Effect of Language Contact on the Arabic Dialect of 
Afghanistan’, in Aguadé 
et al
. (eds),
 Actas del Congreso Internacional
, pp. 105–17.
Ingham, Bruce (1994c). 
Najdi Arabic: Central Arabian
, Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Ingham, Bruce (2003). ‘Language Survival in Isolation: The Arabic Dialect of Afghani
-
stan’, 
AIDA
, V, pp. 21–37.
Ismail, Hanadi (2007). ‘The Urban and Suburban Modes: Patterns of Linguistic 
Variation and Change in Damascus’, in Miller