Prodoc pims5686 SouthAfrica National abs project
Yüklə 2,96 Mb.
|
ANNEX X-8. Bibliography
1 From the website of International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) on South Africa, retrieved on 27 Apr 2017. 2 DEA (2014): Traditional Knowledge Associated with Rooibos and Honeybush Species in South Africa. Report to the Department of Environmental Affairs, Republic of South Africa. 3 Wikipedia, citing the Royal Society: List_of_countries_by_research_and_development_spending, accessed on 19 June 2017. 4 In 2013, South Africa’s Department of Science and Technology (DST) published its initiative for the “Bio-Economy Strategy” and with a strong focus on biotechnological activities and processes that translate into economic outputs, particularly those with industrial application. In turn, DEA’s Bioeconomy Strategy (NBES) focuses on value chains linked to wildlife and bioprospecting, and where both ABS and conservation are key concerns upon which the NBES builds. 5 The last bullet outlining NEMBA’s definition of bioprospecting refers to ‘biotrade’ – and more specifically to the trade in non-food bioprospecting products. Else, in other countries and contexts, the mainstream definition of biotrade is normally broader, as biotrade may additionally also target (i) the use of species for food and agriculture; and (ii) be concerned not only with ‘genetic resources’ and their commercial application, but also with ‘biological resources’ more broadly. For this project, we are adopting the definitions included in the NBES Glossary, but noting that this is not a mainstream definition. 6 DEA (2015): The scope and extent of the utilization of indigenous biological resources by bioprospecting industries in South Africa. Department of Environmental Affairs, Government of the Republic of South Africa. (ISBN 978-0-621-42766-0). 7 For example, growth in sales of nutritional products in the United States of America (USA) alone increased from US$ 15 billion in 1999 to US$ 23 in 2002 – showing a 53% increase in only 3 years. (see e.g. Kelly et al. (2005): Recent trends in use of herbal and other natural products. Achieves in Internal Medicine 165: 281-296.) 8 DEA’s Bio-products retail database, quoted in the 2015 Scoping Study. 9 Mader et al. (undated) cited in DEA (2015): The scope and extent of the utilization of indigenous biological resources by bioprospecting industries in South Africa. Department of Environmental Affairs, Government of the Republic of South Africa. (ISBN 978-0-621-42766-0). 10 DST (2013): The Bioecomic Strategy. The Bio-economy Strategy is an initiative of the Department of Science and Technology, South Africa. 11 Cited in the 2015 Scoping Study on Bioprospecting. DEA (2015). See also this link for flagship agreements facilitated by the Department of Environmental Affairs: https://www.environment.gov.za/babs/bioprospectingpermits 12 As defined by DEA in the NBES. 13 Agreement # PCT/IB2007/050649. 14 The term ‘plant extrativism’ is a synonymous to wild-harvesting of plants, but used mostly in association with such activities in the Brazilian Amazon. 15 UNDAF Results Area 4 PLANET makes the direct links to SDGs 1, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, & 15 and this project is strategically positioned to contribute to the aforementioned SDGs. 16 See also Figure a for a representation of the project’s Long Term Solution and Error: Reference source not found, in the Results and Partnership section (Section IV), showing alignment of the Barriers with the Project’s components 17 The ABS Capacity Development Initiative / Government of South Africa (2014): National Study on ABS Implementation in South Africa. 18 This is discussed further below and the summary argument is picked up again in sections ‘Threats, Root Causes and Barriers’ and in ‘Long-Term Solution’ further down. 19 See e.g. Homma, Alfredo K. O. 1996. “Utilization of Forest Products for Amazonian Development: Potential and Limitations". In: Lieberei, R., Reisdorff, C & Machado, A. D. Interdisciplinary Research on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Amazonian Rain Forest and its Information Requirements. Report on the Workshop held in Brasilia, Brazil, November 20-22, 1995. Hamburg, Germany. See also: Schippmann et al. (2003). Impact of cultivation and gathering of medicinal plants on biodiversity: global trends and issues. FAO Document Repository - Biodiversity and the Ecosystem Approach in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Case Study No. 7 (http://www.fao.org/docrep/ARTICLE/WFC/XII/0758-A1.HTM, retrieved on 10 May 2017.) 20 See guidance here: https://info.undp.org/global/popp/frm/pages/financial-management-and-execution-modalities.aspx 21 Excluding project team staff time and UNDP staff time and travel expenses. 22 The costs of UNDP Country Office and UNDP-GEF Unit’s participation and time are charged to the GEF Agency Fee. 23 Definition of terms: Suppliers: individuals or groups representing the interests of the parties concerned which provide funding and/or technical expertise to the project. Beneficiary Representative: individuals or groups of individuals representing the interests of those who will ultimately benefit from the project. The primary function within the Board is to ensure the realization of project results from the perspective of project beneficiaries. 24 Possibly SECO. 25 See http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/operations/transparency/information_disclosurepolicy/ 26 See https://www.thegef.org/gef/policies_guidelines 27 Prohibited grounds of discrimination include race, ethnicity, gender, age, language, disability, sexual orientation, religion, political or other opinion, national or social or geographical origin, property, birth or other status including as an indigenous person or as a member of a minority. References to “women and men” or similar is understood to include women and men, boys and girls, and other groups discriminated against based on their gender identities, such as transgender people and transsexuals. 28 In regards to CO2, ‘significant emissions’ corresponds generally to more than 25,000 tons per year (from both direct and indirect sources). [The Guidance Note on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation provides additional information on GHG emissions.] 29 Forced evictions include acts and/or omissions involving the coerced or involuntary displacement of individuals, groups, or communities from homes and/or lands and common property resources that were occupied or depended upon, thus eliminating the ability of an individual, group, or community to reside or work in a particular dwelling, residence, or location without the provision of, and access to, appropriate forms of legal or other protections. 30 At present, the state nominally holds communal land in trust but the land rights still rest with households and communities. The function of the traditional leader in relation to land is to allocate it to households and act as an arbiter in land disputes. 31 Estimates of National Expenditure 2016, Vote 27, National Treasury, Republic of South Africa, 24 February 2016. 32 Homma, Alfredo K. O. 1996. Utilization of Forest Products for Amazonian Development: Potential and Limitations". In: Lieberei, R., Reisdorff, C & Machado, A. D. Interdisciplinary Research on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Amazonian Rain Forest and its Information Requirements. Report on the Workshop held in Brasilia, Brazil, November 20-22, 1995. Hamburg, Germany 33 See e.g.: Schippmann et al. (2003). Impact of cultivation and gathering of medicinal plants on biodiversity: global trends and issues. FAO Document Repository - Biodiversity and the Ecosystem Approach in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Case Study No. 7 (http://www.fao.org/docrep/ARTICLE/WFC/XII/0758-A1.HTM, retrieved on 10 May 2017.) Yüklə 2,96 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
|