Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

(b) Jizya (Indemnity or Defence Tax)
Some Western writers have objected to realization of | indemnity tax from the non-Muslims of the state. But this tax was taken for their safety against any invasion from outside. There are instances that when Muslims left a conquered place due to some reason, they returned the Jizya taken from the non-Muslims of that place. In many agreements signed by Muslims during the wars, it was clarified that Jizya would be ppid to the state by the nonMuslims for their protection and in case the state (i.e. Muslim Govt.) took any help from them for their protection they would not have to pay the Jizya. Following agreement was signed with the inhabitants of Jarjan.
”It is our responsibility to protect your property against any invasion and you would pay annual tax (jizya) in lieu thereof. If we seek your help for protecting you, we would not charge any tax (Jizya)”’. Hazrat Umar (Rad.A) had issued orders to various commanders during the battles with Persians. Hazrat Abu ’Ubaidah (Rad.A) the commander at the Syrian front returned all the irdemnity tax, he had received, when he left the conquered places for the time being to return to safer borders against the Romans at Yarmuk.
More over utmost care was exercised in levying the Jizya. The poor and orphans were never charged. There was no Indemnity tax on old persons who could not work, n the agreement which was signed at Hirah this verv well be seen. ” f any old man is unable to earn, or if a rich man becomes poor, of if r> person meets an accident, then no Jizya would be charged from bin . Muslims are responsible to take care of such persons and to pay them for their needs from the Bait-ul-Mal”.
Once Hazrat Umar (Rad.A) saw an old non-Muslim begging. He asked him the reason for begging. The old man said that he had to pay jiz>a. Hazrat Umar (Rad.A) immediately brought him home and gave some money to him. Then he ordered the officers not to charge jizya from such persons. He was so solicitous about non-Muslim that he left a will: Take care of the ”TJhimmis”’ i.e., the non-Muslim. Do

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not break any agreement signed with them. I do not take that work from them which they can do not. Fight for their protection (if some body attacks them)” This is an exemplary treatment, a nation could give to conquered people.