Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

Aghlabids
The Abbasid troops faced trouble in North Africa also Ibrahim ibn Aghlab was the Abbasid governor of the Zab region in Southern Algeria. His father, a native of Merverrudh and governor of the country had been killed in an uprising in 767. Ibn Aghlab assisted his father’s successor, ibn Muqutil, in restoring order at Merverrudh in 799. Ibn Aghlab was given North Africa as fief on payment of

40,000 dinars annually the nominal hold that the Abbasids had over North Africa also ended in 181/March 797 with the resignation of Harthimah who had beaten down the tribal opposition in 178/April

794-5 but the Aghlabids had firm footing over the lands from Tunisia to the border of Egypt against whom he could not find the possibility of any permanent security. Ibrahim ibn Aghlab thus laid the foundation of the Aghlabid dynasty (800-909) in Tunisia and neighbouring lands in 800 A.D. and ruled irsdepciidently about tvveive years from his newly built capital, Abbasiyah, three miles south of Qayrawan where he had received ambassadors from Charlemagne as early as 796. He however, remained contented with the gubernatorial title, Amir although he removed the name of the Abbasid caliph from the Khutbah and coinage, the two insignia of Khilafat.
His successors conquered Sicily, Malta, Sardina and other Mediterranean Islands their last ruler Ziyadat Ullah in was over powered by the Fatimids in 909 and the Alghabids were succeeded by the Fatimids in Ifriqiyah. Under the Aghlabids, Ifriqiyah was completely Arabicized and Qayrawan Mosque rebuilt by Ziadat Ullah I (817) and Ibrahim II (874-902) became a rival to the mosques in the east. This was the third dynasty which carved out an independent kingdom in the west, the first being the Umayyeds in Spain and the second the Idrisids at Fez in Morocco.