Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

Islamic Republic Based Upon ”Shura”
As stated before all matters were decided after consultations with the ”Shura”, the Advisory Council during his time. There were three main types of ”Shura”. The first ”Shun” consisted of very prominent and popular companions like: Hazrat Usman, Ali, Abdui Rahman bin Auf, Mu’adh bin Jabal. Ubayy bin Ka’b, Zaid hin Thabit, Talha and Zubair (Rad.A). They were permanent members of the ”Shura”. All the important matters were decided in consultation with these persons. This ”Shura” could be named as the Higher Advisory Council.
The second ”Shura” was the General Advisory Council which consisted )f many companions from amongst the Ansar and Muhajirin. The companions who participated in the battle of Badr were given priority in this ”Shura”. All matters of general interest were discussed with this ”Shura”. In this ”Shura” were also included the chiefs of various clans and tribes.
The third type of SJ ura ”ranked in between the Higher an^ the General Advisory C ouncil. It consisted of some selecte.. companions among the Muhajirin and Ansar. Matters of specia: interest were put before the ”Shura”. Whenever a ”Shura” was called everyone of its members was fully allowed to give his opinion without any fear or hesitation. On various occasions Hazrat Uma’ (Rad.A) said’ ”I am but an ordinary person like you. I can onh request you to co-operate in the work with which I have beer entrusted by you” The Way to Call the General ”Shura”
Since the special ’’Shura” comprised only few member there was no special way to call it. The way to call the, ”Geneie* Council of Advisors,” was that a man used to call the following words loudly, ”As-Salat-u-Jamiah’\ in the Prophet’s Mosque from a high place. Hearing this call the people would know that a meetii,. of the ”Shura” has been calied arid assembled in Ihe rms- ». Ha?,’ f

246 Political and Cultural History of Mam

Umar (Rad.A) first of all offered two rakaa’t Nafl (optional) Salat and that put the matter before ttu ”Shura”. Every person was allowed to give his opinion. Decisions were usually taken on the basis of unanimity or sometimes by majority. But the Khalifah was not bound to accept the decision of majority. In the interest of Islam and Muslims he could use power of veto if he considered it proper.