Quettaparma Quenyallo
siqu- (“q”) vb. “sigh” (cited in form “siqi”), pa.t. síque
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siqu- (“q”) vb. “sigh” (cited in form “siqi”), pa.t. síque (QL:84) sir- (1) vb. "flow" (SIR) sir (2), also sira, adv. “hither” (primitive ¤sida, ¤sidā) (VT49:18) sír noun “river”, shorter form of sirë (PE17:65, VT49:17) síra compound noun "this day", used = *"today" as adverb (VT43:18) sírë noun "river" (SIR, VT46:13), "stream" (LT1:265). Also short form sír, q.v. Compare #sirya. siril noun "rivulet" (SIR) sirilla participle *"flowing", "Qenya" participle of siri- "flow" (Narqelion, cf. QL:xiv) sírima adj. "liquid, flowing" (LT1:265) Siriondil masc .name, *"Sirion-friend" (Appendix A) sirpë noun "stem, stalk" (QL:84) #sirya noun "river", attested in the dual form siryat (VT47:11). Compare sírë. sís adv. “here” (VT49:18, 23), also sissë sisíla- is said to be the "frequentative" form of sil- (MC:223); the participle sisílala in Markirya is simply translated "shining". sissë adv. “here” (VT49:18), also sís Sistar ??? (VT45:12; the word is not clearly defined) *sistë (*sisti-) may be a possible phonological updating of the "Qenya" noun sist (sisty-) "ulcer". Adj. sistina "ulcerated" (QL:86) sitë adj. “of this sort” (VT49:18) siulë noun "incitement" (SIW) sívë (1) prep. "as", apparently ve of similar meaning with the prefix sí- "this, here, now"; sívë therefore makes a comparison with something close, whereas tambë (q.v.) refers to something remote. Sívë...tambë "as...so" (VT43:17). Elided sív' in VT43:12, since the next word begins in the vowel e-. sívë (2) noun "peace" (VT44:35) sívë (3) noun “knowing, knowledge” (PE17:68; probably never meant to coexist with #1 and #2 above, so istya may be preferred) soa (“söa”) noun “filth” (PE17:186) soica ("k") adj. "thirsty" (VT39:11) solmë noun "wave" (LT1:266) Solonel (Soloneld-) noun, a name of the Teleri (here in the sg, pl. Soloneldi). Note that this form is influenced by Telerin; pure Quenya has Solonyeldi, sg. #Solonyel. (PHAL/PHÁLAS, NYEL, SOL) sól, also solma or solos, noun variant words apparently for “helmet”, cf. castol, q.v. (PE17:188) solma, see sól solor noun "surf" (SOL); solor, solossë noun "surf, surge" (LT1:266) sonda noun “seat” (QL:85) solos, see sól solossë noun "surf, surge" (LT1:266); also solor sóma noun “state, condition” (QL:85)$ [sonda adj. "dear, fond" (VT46:15)] [sondo noun "friend" (VT46:15)]
-ssë (1) locative ending (compare the preposition se, sé "at", q.v.); in Lóriendessë, lúmessë, máriessë, yalúmessë (q.v. for reference); pl. -ssen in yassen, lúmissen, mahalmassen, símaryassen, tarmenissen, q.v. Pronouns take the simple ending -ssë, even if the pronoun is plural by its meaning (messë “on us”, VT44:12). The part. pl. (-lissë or -lissen) and dual (-tsë) locative endings are known from the Plotz letter only. -ssë (2), 3rd person sg. reflexive ending, melissë “he loves himself”, possibly also quernessë *”he turned (himself)” (VT49:20-21). Compare -ttë #2. The ending -ssë seems prone to confusion with the locative ending; an alternative wording would be the analytical construction *melis immo with a separate reflexive pronoun. Tolkien himself changed quernessë to quernes immo (VT49:20-21). -ssë (3) possible longer form of the 3rd person ending -s; see -s #1. Such an ending probably could not coexist with -ssë #2 above. In one source, Tolkien first queried, then deleted this ending (VT49:49). -sta (1) “your”, dual 2nd person possessive pronominal ending: “of you two” (VT49:45, 16), cf. -stë (q.v.) Genitive -sto in veryanwesto “of your wedding” (VT49:45) and tengwiesto “of your reading” (VT49:47), allative -stanna in parmastanna “on your book” (VT49:47). An archaic ending of similar form could also be the third person dual *“of the two of them” (but according to VT49:51, the corresponding subject ending was changed to -ttë, and then the ending for “their” would presumably become *-tta) -sta (2) ending occurring in the names of certain lands (VT43:15), e.g. the Forostar or "Northlands" of Númenor (UT:165) -stë “you”, 2nd person dual pronominal ending (VT49:51, 53), e.g. caristë *”the two of you do” (VT49:16). Tolkien first wrote carindë, but changed the ending (VT49:33). The ending -stë is derived from earlier -dde (VT49:46, 51). An archaic ending of similar form could also be the third person dual, *“the two of them” (but see -ttë #1).
*suhtë, see suctë suhto noun "draught" (SUK) sulca ("k") noun "root" (especially as edible) (SÚLUK) súlë (þ) noun "spirit, breath", also name of tengwa #9; originally thúlë (þúlë), before the shift th > s that occurred shortly before the rebellion of the Noldor (Appendix E, THŪ). Its gloss, “blowing forth”, was metaphorically used as “the emission of power (of will or desire) from a spirit” (PE17:124). If the element súlë appears in Súlimë and Súlimo (q.v.), the stem-form may seem to be súli-. súlimarya ??? (Narqelion) Súlimë noun, third month of the year, "March". The word apparently means *"windy one" (Appendix D; SA:sûl; not capitalized in the latter source). Early "Qenya" has súlimë "wind" (LT1:266) Súlimo (þ) surname of Manwë (wind-god) (THŪ, SA:sûl). Compare súlë and perhaps sú. súlo (stem *súlu-, given the primitive form ¤suglu; the pl. may be *súlwi) noun "goblet" (SUG; see SUK; apparently changed by Tolkien from súla, VT46:16) sulp- vb. "lick" (LT1:266; rather lav- in Tolkien's later Quenya) sulpa noun "soup" (LT1:266) súma noun "hollow cavity, bosom"; cf. súmaryassë "in her bosom" (súma-rya-ssë "bosom-her-in") in Markirya sundo (þ) noun "base, root, root-word" (SUD), sc. a Quendian consonantal "base". According to VT46:16, Tolkien changed the root to STUD, thereby implying that sundo was earlier þundo (compare Sindarin thond "root"). PE18:95 gives the pl. form as sundur, seemingly implying a stem-form sundu-. It is not, however, used in the compound sundocarmë “base-structure” (PE18:84 – not **sunducarmë), a term used in the description of the structure of the various Quendian “bases” or roots. sundóma (þ) noun *"base-vowel" (sundo + óma), the determinant vowel of a "base" or root (Christopher Tolkien gives the example KAT, which stem has the sundóma A; the stem TALAT has the sundóma repeated; in derivative forms the sundóma might be placed before the first consonant; e.g. ATALAT) (WJ:319) sungwa noun "drinking-vessel" (SUK) súrë noun "wind", stem súri- because of primitive form sūrǐ- (PE17:62), hence the instrumental form súrinen "in the wind" or more literally *"by the wind" (Nam, RGEO:66, Markirya, J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator p. 197); Súrion masc.name, *"Wind-son" (Appendix A). Early "Qenya" has súru (MC:213, 216, 220). See also súriquessë. #surië (þ), possibly a noun *"seeking"; see minasurië.
-t (1) dual ending, on nouns denoting a pair of something: attat "2 fathers or neighbours" (VT48:19; see atto), máryat "her (pair of) hands" (Nam), siryat "two rivers" (VT47:11), ciriat "2 ships" (Letters:427 – read ciryat as in the Plotz Letter?), maquat "group of ten" (from maqua, meaning among other things "group of five") (VT47:7), nápat "thumb and index as a pair" (VT48:5), also compare met "us two" as the dual form of me "us" (Nam, VT47:11). Other dual endings known from the Plotz letter: genitive -to, possessive -twa, dative -nt, locative -tsë, allative -nta, ablative -lto, instrumental -nten, plus -tes as a possible short locative. It may be that these endings only apply to nouns that would have nominative dual forms in -t, and that nouns preferring the alternative dual ending -u would simply add the otherwise "singular" case endings to this vowel, e.g. *Alduo rather than ?Alduto as the genitive form of "Two Trees" (Aldu). – The ending -t is also used as a verbal inflection, corresponding to pl. -r (elen atta siluvat, “two stars shall shine”, VT49:45; the verb carit “do” would also be used with a dual subject, VT49:16; cf. also the endings listed in VT49:48, 50). -t (2) "them", pronominal ending; seen in the word laituvalmet "we shall bless them" (lait-uva-lme-t "bless-shall-we-them"). According to PE17:110, this -t covers both sg. and dual. Also independent word te pl. and tú dual (possibly *tu when unstressed). -t (3) reduced pronominal affix of the 2. person, "you" (sg.), the long form being -tyë (both endings are listed in VT49:48). See heca regarding the example hecat (WJ:364). However, in a later source, Tolkien denies that -tyë has any short form (VT49:51, 57). The status of the ending -t is therefore doubtful. ta (1) pron. "that, it" (TA); compare antaróta "he gave it" (FS); see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna “thither”, talo/tó “thence” and tás/tassë “there” are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: *”to that”, *”from that” and *”in that” (place), respectively. Compare “there” as one gloss of ta (see #4). ta (2) adv. “so, like that, also”, e.g. ta mára “so good” (VT49:12) ta (3) pron. "they, them", an "impersonal" 3rd person pl. stem, referring "only to 'abstracts' or to things (such as inanimates) not by the Eldar regarded as persons" (VT43:20, cf. ta as an inanimate Common Eldarin plural pronoun, VT49:52). Compare te, q.v. The word ta occurring in some versions of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer may exemplify this use of ta as an "impersonal" plural pronoun: emmë avatyarir ta "we forgive them" (VT43:8, 9; this refers to trespasses, not the trespassers). However, since Tolkien also wanted ta to mean “that” (see #1 above), he may seem to be somewhat dissatisfied with ta “they, them”, introducing variant forms like tai (VT49:32) to free up ta as a sg. pronoun. In one document, tai was in turn altered to te (VT49:33), which could suggest that the distinction between animate and inanimate “they, them” was abandoned and the form te (q.v.) could be used for both. In some documents, Tolkien seems to use tar as the plural form (VT49:56 mentions this as an uncertain reading in a source where the word was struck out; compare ótar under ó-). ta (4) conj., said to be a reducted form of tá “then”, used “before each new item in a series or list”; “if as often in English the equivalent of and was omitted, and placed only before a final item [e.g. ‘Tom, Dick, and Harriet’], this would in Quenya represent a discontinuity, and what followed after ta would be an addition of something overlooked or less important”. (PE17:70) Hence the use of arta (ar ta, “and ta”) for “et cetera”; in older language ta ta or just ta. ta (5) adv. “there” (VT49:33; this may be an Elvish root or “element” rather than a Quenya word; see tanomë; see however also tar, tara, tanna under ta #1). tá 1) adv. “then” (VT49:11). Cf. ta #4. tá 2) adj. "high" (LT1:264; there spelt tâ. This is hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya, but cf. tára "lofty".) tac- ("k") vb. "fasten" (the form tacë given in the Etymologies is translated "he fastens", evidently the 3rd person sg. aorist), pa.t. tancë (TAK) tai (1) pron. "that which, what", “which fact” (VT42:34, VT49:12, 20). The word occurs in the sentence alasaila ná lá carë tai mo navë mára, translated "it is unwise not to do what one judges good". So tai = "what", but it means more literally "that which" (VT49:12), ta + i (cf. ta #1 and the use of i as a relative pronoun). In one note, Tolkien emended tai to ita, reversing the elements (VT49:12) and also eliminating the ambiguity involving the homophone tai #2, see below. tai (2) pron. “they, them”, 3rd person pl., used with reference to inanimates rather than persons or living things (VT49:32, see ta #3 above). Perhaps to avoid the clash with tai “that which”, the pronoun tai “they, them” was altered to te in at least one manuscript (VT49:33), so that it would merge with the pronoun used of living beings and the distinction between animate and inanimate would be abandoned (see te). tai (3) adv. “then”, also tá (which form may be preferred because tai has other meanings as well) (VT49:33) tailë noun "lengthening, extension" (TAY) #taima noun "lengthening, extension" in ómataima, q.v. Taimavar masc. name "Shepherd of the Sky", Orion (LT1:268; Orion is called Telumehtar or Menelmacar in Tolkien's later Quenya) Taimë, Taimië noun "the sky" (LT1:268; rather menel in LotR-style Quenya) Taimondo, also Taimordo masc. name "Orion" (LT1:268; Orion is rather called Telumehtar or Menelmacar in Tolkien's later Quenya) taina (1) adj. "lengthened, extended" (TAY), "stretched, elongated" (VT39:7), also noun "extension" in the compound ómataina, q.v. #taina (2) noun “sign”, isolated from Tainacolli *”Sign-bearer” –MR:385 taita- vb. "to prolong" (TAY) taitë adj. “of that sort” (VT49:11), *”such” tál (tal-, as in "g.sg. talen"; in LotR-style Quenya this is rather the dative singular) noun "foot" (TAL, VT49:17). Also tala (VT49:42). Pl. táli “feet” (PE16:96); here Tolkien did not use tal- with a short a as the stem-form. VT43:16 mentions "an unpublished declension" of this word dating from ca. 1967; here the locative is said to appear as talassë and talsë. Cf. also talya “his foot”; see -ya #4. Early "Qenya" forms: tala "foot" (LT2:347) and dual talwi "the feet" (LT2:347); tálin "feet" (MC:216); instrumental talainen, talalínen (MC:213, 216, 220; this is "Qenya") talaitë adj. “footed” (VT49:42); cf. attalaitë talan (talam-, e.g. pl. talami) noun "floor, base, ground" (TALAM) talantië vb. "he is fallen" (FS; see -ië #2 concerning the doubtful authority of this stative verb ending in LotR-style Quenya) talas noun "sole" (LT2:347; Tolkien's later Quenya has tallunë) talat- vb. a stem used for "slipping, sliding, falling down" (Letters:347), cf. atalta-, talta- and talantië #talca ("k") noun "post, mark" isolated from lantalca "boundary post or mark" (VT42:28) tallunë noun "sole of foot", stem probably talluni- given primitive form ¤talrunya (TALAM, RUN) talma noun "base, foundation, root" (TALAM), also translated “bottom” in the expression “top to bottom”, see below.% Talmar Ambaren (place-name, *"Foundations of the World" - this is pre-classical "Qenya" with genitive in -en instead of -o as in LotR-style Quenya) (TALAM). Allative talmanna in the phrase telmello talmanna "from hood to base, top to bottom" (VT46:18; notice misreading "telmanna" in the Etymologies as printed in LR, entry TEL-, TELU-) talo adv. “thence”. Also tó. Basically these are simple ablative/genitive forms of ta (#1) “that”; compare silo, sio. (VT49:11) talumë adv. “at this time” meaning “at the time we are thinking of of speaking of”, not referring to the present (which is silumë = “at this time” in the narrower sense). (VT49:11) talta adj. "sloping, tilted, leaning"; also "incline" as noun (TALÁT) talta- vb. "slip, slide down, collapse, slope" (TALÁT); reduplicated stem in the participle talta-taltala in Markirya, simply translated "falling" in MC:215. Strong intransitive conjugation: present talta, aorist talt- [derived from talati > tal’ti, hence presumably *talti- with endings and *taltë without any], past talantë, perfect ataltië. Weak transitive conjugation: present taltëa, aorist talta, past taltanë. This is said to be the conjugation type of a certain class of verbs, namely “√TALAT stems” (PE17:186). taltil (taltill-, pl. taltilli given) noun "toe" (VT47:10) taltol noun "big toe" (VT47:10); also tolbo tam- vb. "to tap" (1st pers. aorist tamin "I tap"), pa.t. tamnë (TAM) tama noun “that matter” (VT49:11) taman noun “a thing made by handicraft” (PE17:107) tamba- vb. "to knock, keep on knocking" (TAM) tambaro noun "woodpecker" (TAM) tambë prep. (1) "so" or "as" (referring to something remote; contrast sívë). Sívë...tambë "as...so" (VT43:17). tambë (2) noun "copper" (LT1:250; this is "Qenya"; see urus for a later word for "copper") Yüklə 1,39 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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