Quettaparma Quenyallo

tollanta noun in allative "upon top(s?)" (MC:221; this is "Qenya")

tollë noun "a steep isle". Another meaning, "thumb", was apparently abandoned by Tolkien (VT47:13, 26)

tollo, variant of tolyo, q.v. (VT48:6, 16)

tolma noun "a protuberance contrived to serve a purpose, knob, short rounded handle", etc. (VT47:28)

tolmen noun "boss (of shield)" (LT1:269)

[tolmo noun "thumb", rejected by Tolkien in favour of nápo (VT48:15)]

toloquë ("kw") cardinal "eighteen" (VT48:21). If "tolokwe" is seen as a Common Eldarin form, it is possible that the Quenya word should be *tolquë instead, but the editor assumes that "tolokwe" is merely an unusual spelling of Quenya toloquë (since "tolokwe" is listed together with forms that are definitely Quenya).

tolos noun "knob, lump" (LT1:269; this "Qenya" form would seem to be a precursor of Quenya tolma, q.v.)

tolosta fraction "one eighth" (1/8). Also tolsat, tosta. (VT48:11)

tolpë noun "thumb" (VT47:28, VT48:8), a form Tolkien may have rejected in favour of nápo, q.v.

tolpo noun “bowl” (PE16:142)

tomba, also tompë, noun “voice / vowel”; the stem TOM is used of sounds “briefer” than the corresponding stem OM (cf. óma). (PE17:138)

tolsat fraction "one eighth" (1/8). Also tolosta, tosta. (VT48:11)

toltëa ordinal "eighth" (VT42:31), also toldëa (VT42:25). See tolto.

[toltil noun "thumb" (VT47:26)]

tolto cardinal "eight" (TOL¹-OTH/OT), variant toldo (VT48:6). Ordinal toltëa "eighth" (VT42:31), with variant toldëa (VT42:25) to go with toldo.

tolu- vb. “roll up” (QL:94)

*tolvo, see tolbo

tolyo noun "sticker-up", "prominent one", term used in children's play for "middle finger" or "middle toe" (VT47:10, VT48:4). The form tollo in VT48:6, 16 would seem to be a variant.

tombo noun "gong" (LT1:269)

tompë (1) pa.t. of top- (topë), q.v. (TOP), (2) variant of tomba, q.v.

top- vb. "cover" (1st pers. aorist topë "covers"), pa.t. tompë (TOP). Variant tup-, q.v.

tópa noun "roof" (TOP)

tópa- vb. "roof" (TOP)

[tóquet- vb. ”answer” (PE17:166)]

[Tormen] noun "north" (MEN; replaced by Formen, q.v.)

#torna adj. “hard”, as in tornanga (q.v.), seemingly -storna after prefixes ending in a vowel, as in the comparative forms aristorna, anastorna (PE17:56; the forms are untranslated and may not necessarily be the same adjective “hard”.)

tornanga adj. “iron hard” (the order of the elements is the opposite in Quenya). (PE17:56)

torni pl. of toron (TOR)

toron (torn- as in pl. torni) noun "brother" (TOR; a later source gives háno, hanno [q.v.] as the word for "brother", leaving the status of toron uncertain)

torwa ??? (Narqelion)

tosta fraction "one eighth" (1/8). Also tolosta, tolsat (VT48:11)

-tsë, dual locative ending (Plotz); see -ssë

-ttë (1) “they”, dual 3rd person pronominal ending (“the two of them”) (VT49:51), replacing (also within the legendarium) the older ending -stë (which was later used for the second person only). This older ending -stë corresponds to a possessive ending -sta “their” (VT49:16), but this was presumably likewise altered to *-tta as the new ending for dual “their” = “of the two of them”.

-ttë (2), 3rd person pl. reflexive ending, as in melittë “they love themselves” (VT49:21). This ending can hardly coexist with #1 above; an alternative wording would be the analytical construction *meliltë intë. Compare -ssë #2.

tú pron. “they, them”, 3rd person dual (“the two of them”), both “personal and neuter” (the pronoun can be used of persons and things alike). (VT49:51) Tolkien also considered tet for the same meaning, listing it alongside tú in one source (VT49:56), but this form was apparently abandoned.

tuc- ("k") noun "draw" (1st pers. aorist tucin "I draw") (TUK)

tucalia ("k") ??? (Narqelion)

tuia- vb. "sprout, spring" (Tolkien's gloss is actually "sprouts, springs", since tuia is also the 3rd pers. sg. present tense [or aorist]) (TUY)

tuilë noun "spring, spring-time", also used = "dayspring, early morn" (VT39:7, TUY), in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 days, but also used without any exact definition. Cf. tuilérë, q.v. (Appendix D) - In early "Qenya", the word tuilë is glossed "Spring", but it is said that it literally refers to a "budding", also used collectively for "buds, new shoots, fresh green" (LT1:269). Cf. tuima in Tolkien's later Quenya.

tuilérë noun *"Spring-day", a day outside the months in the Steward's Reckoning, inserted between Súlimë and Víressë (rough equivalents of March and April). In Tolkien's early "Qenya", Tuilérë was simply glossed "Spring" (LT1:269).

tuilindo noun "swallow", etymologically "spring-singer" (TUY, LIN², LT1:269, LT2:338)

tuima noun "sprout, bud" (TUY)

tul- vb. "come" (WJ:368), 1st pers. aorist tulin "I come" (TUL), 3rd pers. sg. tulis “(s)he comes” (VT49:19), perfect utúlië "has come" (utúlien "I am come", EO), utúlie'n aurë "Day has come" (the function of the 'n is unclear; it may be a variant of the article "the", hence literally "the Day has come"). Past tense túlë "came" in LR:47 and SD:246, though an alternative form *tullë has also been theorized. Túlë in VT43:14 seems to be an abnormal aorist stem, later abandoned; tula in the same source would be an imperative. Prefixed future tense entuluva "shall come again" in the Silmarillion, future tuluva also in the phrase aranielya na tuluva "may thy kingdom come" (VT44:32/34), literally apparently *"thy kingdom, be-it-that (it) will come". In early "Qenya" we have the perfects tulielto "they have come" (LT1:114, 270, VT49:57) and tulier "have come", pl., in the phrase I·Eldar tulier "the Eldar have come"(LT1:114, 270). Read probably *utúlieltë, *Eldar utúlier in LotR-style Quenya.

tulca (1) ("k") adj. "firm, strong, immovable, steadfast" (TULUK)

tulca- (2) ("k") vb. "fix, set up, establish" (LT1:270)

tulca (3) ("k") adj. "yellow". Adopted and adapted from Valarin; the normal Quenya word for "yellow" is rather malina (WJ:399)

tulco ("k") noun "support, prop". Given the primitive form ¤tulku, the word would have the stem-form *tulcu- and the plural form *tulqui. (TULUK)

Tulkas (Tulkass-, as in dat.sg. Tulkassen) masc. name, used of a Vala, adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:399, TULUK)

tulma noun "bier" (LT1:270)

tulta- vb. "send for, fetch, summon" (TUL). Tultanelyes *"you summoned him", changed by Tolkien to leltanelyes *"you sent him" (possibly tulta- was meant to have the meaning "send" here, but Tolkien decided to use another word) (VT47:22)

tulu- vb. "fetch, bring, bear; move, come" (LT1:270; compare tulta- in Tolkien's later Quenya)

tulunca ("k") adj. "steady, firm" (LT1:270; in Tolkien's later Quenya tulca)

tulwë noun "pillar, standard, pole" (LT1:270)

tulya- vb. "lead" (+ allative: lead into) (VT43:22)

túma adj.? "moving" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")

tumba noun "deep valley" (Letters:308; SA:tum and TUB gives tumbo "valley, deep valley"); apparently an extended form *tumbalë in tumbalemorna "deepvalleyblack" or (according to SA:tum) "black deep valley", also tumbaletaurëa "deepvalleyforested"; see Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna...

tumbë noun "trumpet" (LT1:269)

tumbo (stem *tumbu-, given the primitive form ¤tumbu) noun "(deep) valley", under or among hills (TUB, SA:tum), “depth” (PE17:81). - In early "Qenya", the gloss was "dark vale" (LT1:269). See tumba.

Tumbolatsin noun (place-name, apparently incorporating tumbo) (LAT)

tumna adj. "lowlying, deep, low" (TUB); early "Qenya" glosses: "deep, profound, dark or hidden" (LT1:269, 271)

tumpo (stem *tumpu-, given the primitive form ¤tumpu) noun "hump" (TUMPU)

Túna (also Tún) place-name, used of the hill on which Tirion was built (Silm, TUN, KOR), derived from a stem (TUN) apparently meaning simply *"hill, mound".

tunda adj. "tall" (TUN)

tunda- vb. "kindle" (LT1:270; rather tinta- or narta- in Tolkien's later Quenya)

tundo noun "hill, mound" (TUN)

túnë, pa.t. of tunta-

tunga adj. "taut, tight" (of strings:) "resonant" (TUG)

tunta- “see, notice, perceive”, pa.t. túne (QL:95)

tuo noun "muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength" (TUG)

#tup- vb. "cover", isolated from untúpa, q.v. Variant top- in the Etymologies.

tupsë noun "thatch" (TUP)

tur- vb. "wield, control, govern" (1st pers. aorist turin "I wield" etc.), pa.t. turnë (TUR). The verb is elsewhere defined “master, conquer, win” (PE17:115), virtually the same meanings are elsewhere assigned to turu- #1, q.v.

túr, tur noun "king" (PE16:138, LT1:260); rather aran in LotR-style Quenya, but cf. the verb tur-. Also compare the final element -tur, -ntur "lord" in names like Axantur, Falastur, Fëanturi, Vëantur (q.v.)

túra adj. “big, great” (PE17:115), related to words for power and apparently referring to a more abstract greatness than words like haura “huge”. Cf. taura, túrëa. Apparently initial element of Túrosto.

Turambar masc. name, "Master of Doom/Fate", name taken in pride by Túrin (Appendix A, SA:tur, TUR, MBARAT, VT49:42)

Turcafinwë masc. name, "strong, powerful (in body) Finwë", masc. name; he was called Celegorm in Sindarin. Short Quenya name Turco. (PM:352), compare #turco "chief" (q.v.)

Turcil ("k") noun "Númenórean" (TUR), stem turcild- as in pl. turcildi (LR:47, 56; SD:246). Variant of Tarcil; see VT46:17.

#turco (1) noun "chief" (isolated from Turcomund "chief bull", Letters:423). Turco, masc. name, see Turcafinwë.

turco (“k”) (2) noun “tower”. In Lúnaturco, Quenya name of Barad-dûr (Dark Tower). Tolkien changed the word turco from turma (PE17:22).

túrë noun "mastery, victory" (TUR), "strength, might" (QL:95), "power" (QL:96)

túrëa adj. “mighty, masterful” (PE17:115), also taura.

Túrin masc. name, apparently meaning *"victory-mood" (LR:395, s.v. TUR). The Etymologies gives Turindo as the Quenya form of this name; Túrin seems to be properly the Sindarin form, though it fits Quenya style well enough and Nienor used it in a Quenya sentence (near the end of ch. 21 of the Silmarillion). The name appears as Turin (with a short u) in the phrase nahtana ló Turin, *”slain by Túrin” (VT49:24)

#turinasta, #túrinasta noun "kingdom" (turinastalya, túrinastalya "thy kingdom", VT43:15). These words for "kingdom" Tolkien perhaps abandoned in favour of #aranië, q.v.

#turindië, #túrindië noun "kingdom" (turindielya, túrindielya "thy kingdom", VT43:15). These words for "kingdom" Tolkien perhaps abandoned in favour of #aranië, q.v.

Turindo masc. name; see Túrin (TUR)

turinqui ("q") noun "queen" (LT1:260; apparently the fem. of tur. In Tolkien's later Quenya, "queen" is tári.)

túrion (túriond-) noun “palace” (QL:95)

turma (1) noun "shield" (TURÚM).

[turma] (2) noun “tower”. Tolkien changed this word to turco (#2), q.v. (PE17:22)

turmen noun “realm” (PE17:28). Turmen Follondiéva ”Realm of the North-harbourage”, old name for Arnor, Turmen Hallondiéva “Realm of the South-harbourage”, old name for Gondor (PE17:28)

turnë pa.t. of tur- (TUR)

Turondo masc. name “Lord of stone” (PE17:112); see Turucáno.

Túrosto place-name "Gabilgathol", a dwelling of the Dwarves (Sindarin Belegost; the names mean "Mickleburg", "Great Fortress"). Apparently túra + osto.

turu- (1) vb. “master, defeat, have victory over” (PE17:113, not clearly said to be Quenya, but the Q name Turucundo “Victory-prince” is listed immediately afterwards). Compare tur-; cf. also *turúna.

turu- (2) vb. "kindle" (a “Qenya” form from LT1:270; rather narta- or tinta- in LotR-style Quenya)

turu (3) noun "wood" (properly firewood, but used of wood in general) (LT1:270)

Turucáno ("k") masc. name "Turgon" (PM:344). The meaning is something like “powerful commander” (see cáno). Another version gives Turondo “lord of stone” as the Q name of Turgon(d). (PE17:115), with a wholly distinct final element.

[Turumbar] masc.name (MBARAT; changed by Tolkien to Turambar)

turun, see *turúna

*turúna passive participle "mastered", only attested attested in the elided form turún' (UT:138, apparently incomplete spelling turun in Silm ch. 21). The form may be understood as the passive participle of the verb turu- “master, defeat, have victory over” (PE17:113), the sole available example of a U-stem verb appearing in such a participle form. Compare -na #4.

turúva adj. "wooden" (LT1:270); cf. turu #3.

tussa noun "bush" (TUS)

tusturë noun "tinder" (LT1:270)

#tuv- vb. "find", perfect #utúvië "has found" in Aragorn's exclamation when he found the sapling of the White Tree: utúvienyes "I have found it" (utúvie-nye-s "have found-I-it") (LotR3:VI ch. 5)

tuvu- vb. "receive" (GL:71; is this "Qenya" word related to #tuv- "find"?)

-twa 1) ending for dual possessive (Plotz)

-twa 2) an pronominal possessive ending mentioned in one chart of pronouns, apparently “their” referring to two persons (VT49:16); this may be an ending used in colloquial Quenya rather than formal language (it is listed together with the endings -ya ”his, her” and -rya “their”, that are explicitly said to belong to colloquial Quenya) (VT49:16-17)

-tya, pronominal ending, 2nd person sg. intimate/familiar “your, thy” (VT49:16, 38, 48); compare -tyë

tyal- vb. "play" (1st pers. aorist tyalin "I play") (TYAL)

tyalangan noun "harp-player" (TYAL)

tyalië noun "sport, play, game" (TYAL, LT1:260)

tyar- vb. "cause" (KYAR)

tyaro noun "doer, actor, agent" (KAR)

tyasta- vb. "put to the test", pa.t. tyasantë (QL:49)

tyav- vb. "taste" (1st pers. aorist tyavin "I taste") (KYAB)

tyávë noun "taste" (pl. #tyáver attested only in the compound lámatyáver, see lámatyávë.) (MR:215, 216). It may be that the verb tyav- would also appear as tyávë in the past tense.

tye pron. “you, thou, thee”, 2nd person intimate/familar (LR:61, 70, Arct, VT49:36, 55), corresponding to formal/polite lye. According to VT49:51, tye was used as an endearment especially between lovers, and (grand)parents and children also used it to address one another (“to use the adult lye was more stern”). Tyenya “my tye”, used = “dear kinsman” (VT49:51). The pronoun tye is derived from kie, sc. an original stem ki with an added -e (VT49:50). Stressed tyé; dual tyet *“the two of you” (VT49:51 – another note reproduced on the same page however states that tye has no dual form, and VT49:52 likewise states that the 2nd person familiar “never deleloped” dual or plural forms). Compare the reflexive pronoun intyë *"yourself". Possibly related to the pronominal stem KE (2nd person sg.), if tye represents earlier *kye.

-tyë pronominal ending “you, thou” (VT49:48, 51), 2nd person familiar/intimate: carityë *”you do” (VT49:16; the corresponding formal/polite ending is -l, -lyë, cf. PE17:135 where Tolkien states that hiruvalyë “thou shalt find” from Namárië would be hiruvatyë if the polite pronoun were replaced by the familiar one). Compare the independent pronoun tye. In VT49:51, Tolkien denies that the ending -tyë has any short form (see, however, -t # 3). Cf. natyë “you are”; see ná #1. Compare tye, -tya.

tyel (1) noun "end", stem tyeld- as in the pl. form tyeldi (FS, KYEL; the pl. form tyeldi was misread as "tyelde" in the Etymologies as printed in LR; cf. VT45:25 for this correction). Cf. tyelma.

tyel- (2) vb. "end, cease" (KYEL)

tyelca ("k") adj. "swift, agile" (KYELEK), "hasty" (PM:353)

Tyelcormo ("k") masc. name "hasty-riser", the amilessë or mother-name (never used in narrative) of Turcafinwë = Celegorm (PM:353)

[**tyeldë], see tyel (KYEL)

tyelima adj. "final" (KYEL)

tyellë noun "grade" (pl. tyeller is attested) (Appendix E), “grade, order; a step in a stairway, [or in a] ladder” (PE17:122, 157)

tyelma noun "ending" (FS, VT45:25)

tyelpë noun "silver" (KYELEP/TELEP), etymology also in Letters:426 and UT:266. Tyelpë is the true Quenya descendant of primitive ¤kyelepē, but the Telerin form telpë was more common, "for the Teleri prized silver above gold, and their skill as silversmiths was esteemed even by the Noldor" (UT:266). In the Etymologies, tyelpë is also the name of Tengwa #1 with overposed dots, this symbol having the value ty (VT45:25). Cf. tyelpetéma as the name of the entire palatal series of the Tengwar system.

Tyelperinquar masc. name, "Silver-fist, Celebrimbor" (PM:318; also Telperinqar, q.v.)

tyelpetéma noun "palatal series" (Appendix E)

Tyelperion less common name of Telperion (UT:266).

tyulma noun "mast" (TYUL, SD:419). "Qenya" pl. tyulmin "masts" in MC:216; read *tyulmar in LotR-style Quenya.

tyulussë noun "poplar-tree" (TYUL)

tyur noun "cheese" (QL:50 cf. GL:28)

#u- vb. "not do, not be" (1st pers. aorist uin "I do not, am not"), pa.t. úmë (UGU/UMU). A late (ca. 1968) source gives the forms uin, uin(yë) “I am not”, uil(yë) *”you are not”, uis “it is not”, uilmë *”we are not”, uir “are not” and endingless ui *”is not” (VT49:29, 36); these forms were however struck out. The example uin carë “I don’t” (PE17:68) combines this negative verb with a following verb in the “simplest aorist infinitive”. Compare ua in another late source. See also ui, which (despite its use as an interjection “no”) seems to be the endingless 3rd person aorist.

ú (1) adv. and prep. "without, destitute of" (VT39:14). Usually followed by genitive: ú calo "without light" (cala). – In one source, ú is seemingly also used as a negative verb “was not” (VT49:13), but Tolkien revised the text in question.

ú- (2) prefix "not-, un-, in-", denying presence or possession of thing or quality (VT39:14, UGU/UMU/VT46:20, GŪ, LT1:272), or simply suggesting something bad or immoral (see #úcar-, Úmaiar). Tolkien at one point considered redefining ú- as an element signifying "bad, uneasy, hard"; the already-published form únótima would then mean "difficult/impossible to count" rather than simply "uncountable" (VT42:33). However, Tolkien's very last word on the matter seems to be that ú- was to remain a mere negative (VT44:4). Compare úa, q.v. According to the Etymologies, the prefix ú- usually has a "bad sense", whereas according to early material u- (uv-, um-, un-) is a "mere negation" (UGU/UMU vs. VT42:32) According to a later source, ú- could be used as an uninflected verbal prefix, mainly in verse, but in a normal style the prefix was “verbalized” as ua-, q.v. (PE17:144). The stem Ū, as a negation, was accompanied by “pursed lips and shaking of the head” (PE17:145).