Quettaparma Quenyallo

ua- negative verb “not do, not be”. If a verb is to be negated, ua (coming before the verb) receives any pronominal endings (and presumably also any endings for plurality or duality, -r or -t), whereas the uninflected tense-stem of the verb follows: With the ending -n for “I”, one can thus have constructions like uan carë *”I do not” (aorist), uan carnë *“I did not” (past), uan cára *“I am not doing” (present), uan caruva *”I shall not do” (future). The verb ua- can itself be fully conjugated: #ua aorist (or present?), únë (past), úva “(future), #uië (perfect) (the aorist and perfect are attested only with the ending -n “I”). In “archaic Quenya” these tense-forms could be combined with an uninflected aorist stem, e.g. future *úvan carë = later Quenya uan caruva, “I shall not do”. In later Quenya, only the forms ua (present or aorist) and “occasionally” the past tense form #únë were used in normal prose (únen *”I did not, was not”). (PE17:144; compare FS for úva as a future-tense negative verb “will not”)

úa, with 1st person suffix úalyë, imperative particle á, a combined with the negation ú- to express a prohibition (úalyë mittanya me, *"do not thou lead us", VT43:9, 21-22). However, Tolkien apparently abandoned úa in favour of ala, alalyë, q.v. (later he also used the form áva for "don't"). Compare ua.

Úamanyar noun "those not of Aman" (sg. Úamanya, PE17:143), Elves who did not reach the Blessed Realm (but did leave Cuiviénen with the intention of going there) = Heceldi (WJ:371). Also Úmanyar and fuller Úmaneldi. (WJ:373). Also called Lembi, q.v.

#úcar- vb. "to sin, trespass; to do wrong" (pl. aorist úcarer in VT43:12, we would rather expect *úcarir, a form seemingly indicated by an emendation in one variant of the text in question, VT43:21). The verb is car- "do" with the prefix ú-, here suggesting something morally bad (*"do wrong") rather than simple negation.

#úcarë noun "debt, trespass" (úcaremmar "our debts, our trespasses", VT43:19). The related words #úcar- “to sin” and #úcarindo “sinner” would suggest that #úcarë can also be translated “sin”. – One may question whether the simplex form is #úcarë or just #úcar (+ -e- as a mere connecting vowel before the pronominal ending in úcaremmar), but compare lacarë, hrúcarë.

#úcarindo (pl. úcarindor, VT43:27) noun "sinner"; cf. úcar-. The form úlcarindor occurring in an older variant of the text in question seems abnormal, since Quenya rarely has a long vowel in front of a consonant cluster (VT43:33)

uë noun "fleece" (LT1:249)

úfantima adj. “not concealable” (PE17:176), also úfantuma (PE17:180), cf. fanta-, q.v.

úfanwa adj. “not veiled or obscure, perspicuous” (PE17:176)

úfanwëa adj. “not veiled, unveiled” (PE17:180), possibly a variant or replacement úfanwa, q.v.

ufárëa adj. "not enough" (FS). Cf. ú- "un-" and fárëa "enough, sufficient" (read *úfárëa?)

ui interjection “no” (originally an endingless negative verb in the 3rd person aorist: “it is not [so]”; see #u-). Apparently this is the word for “no” used to deny that something is true (compare vá, which is rather used to reject orders, or to issue negative orders). (VT49:28) Compare uito.

#uië, the perfect tense of the negative verb ua-, q.v. Only attested with a 1st person sg. pronominal suffix (uien).

uilë noun "long trailing plant", especially "seaweed" (UY)

uin (1) see #u-.

Uin (2) masc. name, "the primeval whale" (LT1:263)

Uinen (Uinend-, as in dative Uinenden) fem. name, used of a Maia, spouse of Ossë (UY, NEN). Adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:404), though it is also said that it contains -nen "water" (SA:nen); the latter explanation may be folk etymology. In the Etymologies, the name is derived from the same stem (UY) as uilë "long trailing plant, especially seaweed".

uito interjection “it is not that” (emphatic word for “no”?) Compare ui, náto (VT49:28, 29)

úχarin adj. “unmarred” (PE17:150), this would be úharin in more standard spelling (and later pronunciation). In a more widely published source, the word for “unmarred” is alahasta, q.v.

Úlairi pl. noun "Nazgûl" (sg. *Úlairë? *Úlair?) Etymology obscure.

Ulban (Ulband-) noun "monster" (a name of Melko) (LT1:260)

ulca adj. "evil, bad, wicked, wrong" (QL:97, VT43:23-24, VT48:32, VT49:14; compounded in henulca "evileyed", SD:68); variant olca, q.v. Compare noun ulco. The adj. ulca may also itself be used as a noun “evil”, as in the ablative form ulcallo “from evil” (VT43:8, 10) and the sentence cé mo quetë ulca *”if one speaks evil” (VT49:19).

ulco (stem #ulcu-) noun "evil", pl. *ulqui (VT43:23-24; the stem-form is attested in the ablative case: ulcullo "from evil", VT43:12)

úlëa adj. "pouring, flooding, flowing" (ULU)

ullë intr. pa.t. of ulya-, q.v. (ULU). Cf. ullier "poured", a pl. past tense of ulya- "pour" occurring in LR:47; read probably *uller in Tolkien's later Quenya. In SD:247, ullier is translated "should flow".

ullumë adv.? a word occurring in Fíriel's Song, evidently meaning "not for ever". Cf. ú-, lúmë and úlumë.

Ulmo masc. name, used of the Vala of all waters (ULU), interpreted "the Pourer" by folk etymology, but the name was actually adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:400)

ulmula participle "mumbling" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")

ulto- vb. "pour" (intransitive?) (LT1:270; in Tolkien's later Quenya ulya- pa.t. ullë)

ulu- vb. "pour" (transitive?) (LT1:270; in Tolkien's later Quenya ulya- pa.t. ulyanë)

úlumë adv. “ever”, at all times (in a series or period) (PE17:156). Cf. ullumë.

ulumpë noun "camel" (QL:97)

Ulumúri pl. noun, the great horns of Ulmo; etymology obscure (Silm)

ulundë noun "flood" (ULU), possibly in the sense of (great) river.% Cf. nuinë, oloirë.

ulundo noun "monster, deformed and hideous creature" (ÚLUG)

ulya- vb. "pour", intr. pa.t. ullë, tr. ulyanë (ULU). Cf. ullier "poured", a pl. past tense of ulya- occurring in LR:47; read probably *uller in Tolkien's later Quenya. In SD:247, ullier is translated "should flow".

#um- vb. "not to do, not to be" (1st pers. aorist umin "I do not, am not"), past tense úmë (UGU/UMU). Another version of this negative verb had the form #hum-, q.v., but Tolkien rejected it.

úma- vb. "teem" (VT48:32)

úmaitë adj. “clumsy(-handed), unskilled” (PE17:162)

Úmaneldi noun *"Non-Aman Elves", Elves who never dwelt in Aman (= Úmanyar) (WJ:373). Sg. #Úmanel, #Úmaneld-.

Úmanyar pl. noun "those not of Aman", Eldar that did not reach Aman, sc. Sindar and Nandor (SA:mān). Sg. #Úmanya. Also Úamanyar.

[?umaqualë] ("q"), possibly a synonym of anqualë/unqualë, hence noun "agony, death" (VT45:24)

[umba, umbacarin adj. unknown meaning relating badness (PE17:172)]

umbar (umbart-, as in dat.sg. umbarten) noun "fate, doom" (MBARAT), also name of tengwa #6 (Appendix E).Cf. Umbarto. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, umbar was the name of letter #18 (VT45:33), which tengwa Tolkien would later call malta instead – changing its Quenya value from mb to m. – In the word Tarumbar "King of the World" (q.v.), umbar appears to be a variant of Ambar (q.v.) instead.

Umbardacil masc. name (or title) "Umbar-victor" (Appendix A); the place-name Umbar is not Quenya and has no connection with umbar "fate".

umbarta- vb. “to define, decree, destine”; this form of the verb was used “in more lofty senses”, otherwise marta- (PE17:104)

Umbarto masc. name, "Fated", mother-name (never used in narrative) of Telufinwë = Amras. The ominous name was altered to Ambarto by Fëanor. (PM:353-354)

umba noun "swarm" (VT48:32)

umbas (þ) noun "shield" (VT45:33)

umbo, umbon noun “hill, lump, clump, mass” (PE17:93)

úmë (1) vb. pa.t. of um- (and u-?), q.v. (UGU/UMU)

úmë (2) "great collection or crowd of things of same sort" (a struck-out note gave the rejected gloss "largeness") (VT48:32), “throng, great concourse of things without order” (PE17:115). Compare úvë.

-úmë (3) suffix "large" (of quantity)", as in liyúmë "host" (VT48:32)

Úmaiar pl. noun, Maiar (see Maia) who became evil and followed Melkor, like the Balrogs (MR:79). Sg. #Úmaia.

úmëa (1) adj. "abundant, swarming, teeming" (VT48:32), “large” (of throng) (PE17:115). Compare úvëa.

úmëa (2) adj. "evil" (UGU/UMU). Obsoleted by #1 above? Possibly connected to úmëai in Narqelion, if that is a "Qenya" plural form.

umnë, see matumnë under mat-

umpano noun "build" (read: building), alternative form of ampano, which form is probably to be preferred (VT45:36, compare PAN; VT46:8 records how Tolkien in one case altered umpano to ampano)

un- intensive prefix used before qu; the assimilated variant um- is said to occur before p, and "b" (the latter evidently = v developed from prehistoric b, but following um- its original quality would be preserved so that we would see umb-). This prefix is reportedly only used "in evil sense"; otherwise the intensive prefix is an- (and assimilated variants thereof). (VT45:5)

úna adj. "deprived of, destitute, forlorn" (VT39:14). The plural form *únë is not to be confused with the pa.t. of the negative verb ua, q.v. – An unglossed word úna, cited in VT49:28, rather seems to be a negated form of ná “is”.

únat noun "a thing impossible to be or to be done" (VT39:26) Cf. ú- and nat.

unca- ("k") vb. "hollow out" (UNUK)

Undolaurë masc. name "Glorund" (> Glaurung). Also Laurundo. (LT2:341)

undómë noun "twilight", usually of the time near evening, not near dawn (that is tindómë)

undu adv. (and prep.?) "down, under, beneath" (UNU, VT46:20); prefix undu- "down", in undulávë "down-licked" = covered. (Nam)

undulav- vb., literally “lick down” = cover (glossed “swallow” in PE17:72). Lumbulë undulávë ilyë tier "(heavy) shadow down-licked all paths", lyrical translation "all paths are drowned deep in shadow" (Nam). The pl. past tense would be unduláver (PE17:72).

undumë noun "abyss" (Markirya)

#únë vb., the pa.t. of ua-, q.v. Only attested with a 1st person sg. pronominal suffix: únen.

Úner noun "Noman" (UT:211)

ungo noun "cloud, dark shadow" (UÑG)

Ungoliantë fem. name "Ungoliant" (the Spider, ally of Morgoth); also Ungweliantë (UÑG, DYEL, SLIG)

ungwalë noun "torture" (ÑGWAL) Also nwalmë in Tolkien's later Quenya.

ungwë noun "spider's web", also name of tengwa #8 (Appendix E), or, in the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, tengwa #20 – which letter Tolkien would later call nwalmë (VT46:20). The word as such was defined as "gloom" in the Etymologies (UÑG), while in early "Qenya" it meant "spider" ("especially Ungwë the Gloomweaver" = Ungoliant) (LT1:271)

Ungweliantë fem. name, the Spider, ally of Morgoth (UÑG)

unotë, unotëa (read *únotë, *únotëa?) adj. "not counted, uncounted" (VT39:14)

únótima adj. "not possible to count, countless" (VT39:14), pl. únótimë (translated "numberless") attested (ú-nót-imë "not-count-able") (Nam, RGEO:66, Appendix E). Cf. unnegated nótima, q.v.

unqua ("q") adj. "hollow" (UNUK)

unqualë ("q") noun "agony, death" (KWAL, VT45:36). See anqualë. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, unqualë was the name of letter #8 (VT45:18), which tengwa Tolkien would later call ungwë instead – changing its Quenya value from nqu to ngw.

unquë noun "hole, hollow" (VT46:20, UNUK), also name of tengwa #16 (Appendix E; there spelt unque, while the Etymologies has unqe)

untúpa vb. "down-roofs" = covers (perhaps for *undutúpa-, cf. undu-). Present tense of untup- with lengthening of the stem vowel and the suffix -a (cf. síla "shines" from sil-)

unuhuinë prep + noun "under-shadow" (LR:47); see huinë.

unutixë ("ks") noun dot or point placed below the line of writing (TIK). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the initial element unu- was misread was nun- (VT46:19). The variant unutexë ("ks") was rejected by Tolkien (VT46:20)

únyárima adj. "impossible to recount" (because all the facts are not known, or the tale is too long) (WJ:370)

[uo adv. “together” (PE17:191)]

úpa adj. “dumb” (i.e. unable to speak) (PE17:126)

úpahtëa adj. “speechless” (synonym of úpa, q.v.) (PE17:126)

úquétima adj. "unspeakable", sc. impossible to say, put into words; also "unpronounceable" (WJ:370)

úr noun "fire" (UR) This stem was struck out in Etym, but a word that must be derived from it occurs in LotR, so it seems that Tolkien restored it. Early "Qenya" also has Ûr, noun "the Sun" (also Úri, Úrinci ("k"), Urwen) (LT1:271). Cf. Úri.

Úr-anar noun, word occurring in Fíriel's Song, translated "the red sun"; actually the prefixed element úr- must have to do with the element ur- "heat, be hot" mentioned in the Silmarillion Appendix. Also compare Ûr as an early Qenya word for "the Sun".

úra (1) adj. "evil, nasty" (VT43:24, VT48:32)

úra (2) adj. "large" (UR), probably obsoleted by #1 above

urcárima, urcarnë adj. “hard to make / do”. (PE17:154). Cf. urucarin.

urco ("k"), stem *urcu- and pl. urqui, noun: an old word used in the lore of the Blessed Realm for anything that caused fear to the Elves during the March; by the Exiled Noldor the word was recognized as the cognate of Sindarin orch and used to mean "Orc". The Sindarin-influenced form orco was also used. (WJ:390)

urda adj. “hard, difficult, arduous” (PE17:154)

urdu noun "death" (LT2:342; rather nuru in Tolkien's later Quenya)

úrë noun "heat", also name of tengwa #36 (Appendix E)

úri noun "sun" (MC:214, 221; this is "Qenya"); genitive úrio "sun's" (MC:216)

Úrimë (in some editions Urimë, but this seems to be an error; cf. úrë "heat") noun, name of the eighth month of the year, "August" (Appendix D, SA:ur-, UT:302)

úrin adj. "blazing hot" (LT1:271)

Úrin (Úrind-, as in "g.sg. Úrinden", in LotR-style Quenya this is dat.sg.) noun, a name of the Sun (UR, PE17:148; this stem was struck out in Etym, but several words that must be derived from it occur in LotR, so it seems that Tolkien restored it.)

Úrion (Q?) noun, a title of Fionwë (= later Eönwë); see the LR index. (UR; this stem was struck out in Etym, but several words that must be derived from it occur in LotR, so it seems that Tolkien restored it.)

urna noun "oven" (LT1:271)

úro noun "evil" (VT43:24); Tolkien may have abandoned this form in favour of ulco, q.v.

*urta-, see usta-

ur(u)- prefix denoting difficulty (PE17:154, 172), cf. urcárima, urucarin

urnótima adj. Unglossed, apparently *”difficult to count” (PE17:172)

uru noun "fire" (LT1:271)

urucarin adj. “made with difficulty” (PE17:154)

uruitë adj. "fiery" (UR; this stem was struck out in Etym, but several words that must be derived from it occur in LotR, so it seems that Tolkien restored it.)

urulócë ("k") noun "fire-dragon" (LOK), pl. Urulóci ("k") (SA:ur-). In the Silmarillion, the word Urulóci is both singular (as when Glaurung is called "the first of the Urulóki", Silm:138) and plural (as when Glaurung is called "the Urulóki", Silm:255).

Urundil masc. name, "copper-lover" (PM:365); this may suggest #urun as one word for "copper", unless this is the ending -ndil "friend, lover" suffixed to #uru- as a reduced form of urus, q.v.

urus (urust-) noun "copper" (VT41:10)

úruva adj. "fiery" (from UR; this stem was struck out in Etym, but several words that must be derived from it occur in LotR, so it seems that Tolkien restored it. The word úruva also occurred in early "Qenya"; in LT1:271 it is glossed "like fire".)

uruvoitë adj. "fiery" (LT1:271)

urwa adj. "on fire" (LT1:271)

urya- vb. “be hot” (PE17:148), "burn" (intransitive) (LT1:271)

ursa (þ) noun “rage” (PE17:188)

ursa (þ) vb. “to rage” (PE17:188)

us- (þ) prefix denoting something bad; cf. uscarë

#us- vb. "escape" (given in the form usin "he escapes" in LT1:251; this would have to mean "I escape" if the word is to be adopted to Tolkien's later Quenya). Cf. uswë.

úsahtië (þ) noun "inducement to do wrong" (VT43:23); allative úsahtienna attested (the alternative form úsahtíenna with a long í must be erroneous, as pointed out by the editors [ibid.]). Compare sahta-, sahtië.

uscarë (þ) noun ”doing wrong” (PE17:151). Also uxarë. Cf. úcarë.

úsië adv. “on the contrary” (VT49:8, 35). Cf. lasi.

úsir adv. “on the contrary”, a form Tolkien may have abandoned in favor of úsië (VT49:18)

usquë ("q") noun "reek" (USUK). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, usquë was also the name of tengwa #16, which at this conceptual stage had the value squ (VT46:20). Later, Tolkien would call this letter unquë, with the value nqu.

usta- vb. "burn" (transitive) (LT1:271, QL:98). This form reflects the stem USU listed in early material; however, since Tolkien seems to have changed it to UR later, we should perhaps read *urta- for usta-.

uswë noun "issue, escape" (LT1:251)

Uswevandë noun "way of escape" (LT2:336)

utúlien see tul- (EO)

Utumno (stem *Utumnu-), place-name, the first great stronghold of Melkor in the North (SA:tum, TUB). The etymology apparently has something to do with "very deep" or "very hidden"; the phrase "Utumno the Deep-hidden" in MR:67 may include a rough translation of the name. This later source derives the name from a root meaning "cover over, hide", whereas in Etym it was derived from the root TUB having to do with low-lying things. Whether the primitive form is ¤Utubnu as in Etym (TUB) or ¤Utupnu as in MR:69, the stem-form would be *Utumnu-.

utúvienyes, see *tuv-

úva (1) vb. "will not", future tense of a negative verb (present/aorist tense úyë?) in Fíriel's Song. Compare #úva as the future tense of the negative verb ua- (q.v.) in a later source (PE17:144, where the verb is cited with a 1st person sg. ending: úvan).

úva- (2) vb. “impend, be imminent” – “nearly always in a bad sense: ‘threaten (to come)’ “, as in hrívë úva véna “winter is drawing near to us” (VT49:14)

-uva future tense ending. In avuva, caluva, cenuva, hiruva, (en)quantuva, (en)tuluva, laituvalmet, lauva, maruvan, termaruva, tiruvantes. A final -a drops out before the ending -uva is added: quanta- “fill”, future tense quantuva (PE17:68). A verbal stem in -av- may be contracted when -uva follows, as when avuva is stated to have become auva (VT49:13). Origin/etymology of the ending -uva, see VT48:32. In VT49:30, the future tense of the verb “to be” is given as uva, apparently the future-tense “ending” appearing independently, but several other sources rather give nauva for “will be” (see ná #1).