Quettaparma Quenyallo

lunca noun "wain" (VT43:19), “heavy transport wain” (PE17:28). #Ondolunca ”stone-wain”, see under ondo.

lúnë (stem *lúni-, given the primitive form ¤lugni) adj. "blue" (LUG², LT1:262; later sources rather give luinë, with pl. form luini in Namárië). According to VT45:29, lúnë in the Etymologies was changed by Tolkien from lúna.

lúnelinquë ("q") adj. *"blue-wet" (?), translated "surging" (MC:213, 220; this is "Qenya")

lunga adj. "heavy" (LUG¹). Curiously, the variant lungu- appears in certain compounds; see Lungumá, lungumaitë.

lunganar adj. "sagged" (MC:221; this is "Qenya")

lunganë adj. "bending" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")

Lungumá, Lungumaqua masc. name "Heavyhand", equivalent of Sindarin Mablung (VT47:19)

lungumaitë adj. "heavyhanded" (VT47:19, VT49:32)

Lúnoronti noun "Blue Mountains" (LUG²)

luntë noun "boat" (LUT, MC:216), "ship" (LT1:249, LT1:255)

lúrë noun "dark weather" (LT1:259)

lúrëa adj. "dark, overcast" (LT1:259)

lúsina adj. “glowing” (of things), “hearty” (of people) (QL:57). If this word is to be used in LotR-style Quenya, one would have to assume that it represents older *lúþina and is derived from a root *LUTH.

lussa- vb. "to whisper" (SLUS/SRUS). Since Tolkien eventually decided that roots in sl- yield Quenya words in hl- (though this was pronounced l- in late Exilic Quenya), it may be that the spelling *hlussa- is to be preferred.

lussë noun "a whispering sound" (SLUS/SRUS). Since Tolkien eventually decided that roots in sl- yield Quenya words in hl- (though this was pronounced l- in late Exilic Quenya), it may be that the spelling *hlussë is to be preferred.

lusta adj. "void, empty" (LUS)

lútë noun "sail" (MC:213; this is "Qenya")

lútier vb. in pa.t.? "sailed" (MC:216; this is "Qenya")

lúto noun "flood" (LT1:249)

lutta- vb. "flow, float" (LT1:249)

lutu- vb. "flow, float" (LT1:249)

lúva noun "bow, bight; bend, bow, curve" (Appendix E, PE17:122, 168). The reference is to a "bow" as part of written characters and other uses, but “not for shooting” (a bow used to shoot arrows is called quinga, possibly also cú if the latter term is used as in Sindarin).

[lúvë, see lumna-]

luvu- vb. "lower, brood" (LT1:259)

luxo (luxu-) noun “mud” (QL:56)

-lv- element in pronominal endings for inclusive plural "we/our" (VT43:14). Iincludes the old 1st pl. inclusive stem we (VT48:10). Omentielvo "of our meeting" (q.v.) includes the ending #-lva "our" with the genitive ending -o attached. The corresponding ending for inclusive "we" is perhaps normally -lvë in late exilic Quenya; the variant form -lwë occurs in the verbs carilwë “we do” (VT49:16), navilwë "we judge" (VT42:34); according to VT48:11 this may simply be the older (pre-Exilic) form of *-lvë (VT49:51 lists the ending for “we” as “-lwe, -lve”, apparently the older and the younger form).

-lwa, possessive pronominal ending, 1st person pl. inclusive “our” (VT49:16), later (in exilic Quenya) used in the form #-lva, genitive -lvo in omentielvo (see -lv-).

-lwë, later -lvë, pronominal ending “we” (VT49:51), 1st person pl. inclusive ending, occurring in the verbs carilwë “we do” (VT49:16) and navilwë (see #nav-). The ending became -lvë in later, Exilic Quenya (VT49:51). See -lv-.

lyá ??? (Narqelion)

-lya 2nd person sg. formal/polite pronominal suffix "thy, your" (VT49:16, 38, 48). In tielyanna "upon your path" (UT:22 cf. 51), caritalya(s) "your doing (it)" (VT41:17), esselya "thy name" (VT43:14), onnalya “your child” (VT49:41, 42), parma-restalyanna *“upon your book-fair” (VT49:38), and, in Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer, in the various translations of "thy kingdom": aranielya in the final version, earlier turinastalya, túrinastalya, turindielya, túrindielya (VT43:15). Also in indómelya (changed from mendelya) "thy will" (VT43:15-16)

lye pron. “thou/thee, you”, 2nd person sg. formal/polite (corresponding to familiar/intimate tye, q.v.) (VT49:36) It seems the original stem-form was le (VT49:50), distinct from de as a plural “you”, but when initial d became l and the forms threatened to fall together, le was apparently altered to lye by analogy with the ending -lyë and the emphatic pronoun elyë. Stressed lyé (VT49:51). For lye as object, cf. nai Eru lye mánata “God bless you” (VT49:39). Allative lyenna *”to you, upon you” (VT49:40-41). Compare the reflexive pronoun imlë *"yourself, thyself", q.v. (it did not have to be *imlyë, for the corresponding pl. pronoun indë “yourselves” is distinct anyhow).

-lyë pronominal ending “thou, you” (VT49:48), 2nd person sg. formal/polite: hiruvalyë "thou shalt find" (Nam, RGEO:67), carilyë *“you do” (VT49:16). Long form of -l, q.v. The ending also occurs in alyë, the imperative particle a with a pronominal suffix (VT43:17); see a #3. The intimate/familiar ending corresponding to polite/formal -lyë is -tyë, q.v

ma, (1) neuter personal pronoun "something, a thing" (VT42:34). It may occur (with the meaning “thing”) in the ejaculation yé mána (ma) = “what a blessing” or “what a good thing!”“ (VT49:41) (2) Ma has also been theorized to be a particle used to turn declarative statements into yes/no questions.

má noun "hand" (MA3, LT2:339, Narqelion, VT39:10, [VT45:30], VT47:6, 18, 19); the dual "a pair of hands" is attested both by itself as mát (VT47:6) and with a pronominal suffix as máryat "his/her (pair of) hands" (see -rya, -t) (Nam, RGEO:67). The nominative plural form was only máli, not **már (VT47:6), though plurals in -r may occur in some of the cases, as indicated by the pl. allative mannar "into hands" (FS). Mánta “their hand”, dual mántat “their hands” (two hands each) (PE17:161). Cf. also the compounds mátengwië "language of the hands" (VT47:9) and Lungumá "Heavyhand" (VT47:19); also compare the adj. -maitë "-handed". See also málimë.

#mac- ("k") vb. "hew with a sword" (VT39:11, where the aorist macë is given); cf. early "Qenya" mac- ("k") "slay" (LT1:259)

maca- ("k") vb. "to forge metal" (which rang at the stokes of hammers). (VT41:10; in this source this is suggested as the origin of the word macil "sword", but mac- above would also seem to be relevant, so Tolkien may have changed his mind about the precise etymology of macil.)

máca pron. "each, every" (GL:41); rather ilya in Tolkien's later Quenya

Macalaurë ("k"), masc. name, the mother-name (never used in narrative) of Canafinwë = Maglor (PM:353, MAK); his Sindarin name is seen to be based on his mother-name. In the Etymologies, Macalaurë is interpreted "Gold-cleaver" (MAK)

macar ("k") (1) noun "swordsman" (VT39:11). In Menelmacar (see menel). According to VT41:10, macar is literally "forger" (derived from maca-, q.v.), "often used in later use of a warrior".

macar ("k") (2) noun "tradesman" (MBAKH)

macil ("k") noun "sword" (MAK, LT1:259, VT39:11, VT45:32, VT49:17); macilya “his (or their) sword” (PE17:130), see -ya #4.

mahalma noun "throne", nominative pl. mahalmar "thrones" and locative pl. mahalmassen in CO. Adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:399)

Máhan (pl. Máhani attested in WJ:402), noun: one of the eight chiefs of the Valar (adopted and adapted from Valarin, but usually translated as Aratar). Máhanaxar the "Doom Ring" of Aman; adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)

mahta- (1) vb. "wield a weapon”, “fight" (MAK), "to handle, wield, manage" (VT39:11, VT47:18), also "deal with" (VT47:6, 19, VT49:10). Past tense mahtanë is attested (VT49:10). In an earlier version of the entry MAK in the Etymologies, Tolkien first glossed mahta- as "slay [or kill] with sword", then changed it to "fight with sword" (VT45:30-32)

[mahta-] (2) vb. "trade", changed by Tolkien to manca-, q.v. (VT45:33)

mahtar noun "warrior" (MAK; original gloss "swordsman", VT45:32)

mai (1) adv. "well" (VT47:6), apparently also used as prefix (PE17:17:162, 163, 172)

mai (2) conj. "if" (PE14:59 cf. VT49:20; possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for “if”, Tolkien later used qui)

Maia pl. Maiar noun "the Beautiful" (MR:49), the lesser (= non-Vala) Ainur that entered Eä. Variant Máya in VT42:13/VT47:18, pl. Máyar in PM:363, 364 and VT47:18 (possibly, Máya is to be understood as the older form of Maia). With negative prefix ú- also Úmaiar, Maiar who became evil and followed Melkor, such as Balrogs (MR:79, "Umaiar", MR:165).

maica (1) ("k") adj. "sharp, piercing" (SA:maeg), cf. hendumaica and the noun maica below.

maica (2) ("k") noun "blade of a cutting tool or weapon, especially sword-blade" (VT39:11)

mailë noun "lust" (MIL-IK)

mailëa adj. "lustful" (MIL-IK)

maira adj. “admirable, excellent, precious”; “splendid, sublime” (“only of great, august or splendid things”) (PE17:163, 172). Cf. Mairon.

Mairen fem. name (UT:210), initial element perhaps related or identical to mai "well". The second element is obscure; the root REN "recall, have in mind" (PM:372) could be related; if so the name may imply "well remembered", "(of) good memory" or something similar. It may also connect with the adj. maira, q.v. and compare the masc. name Mairon (PE18:163).

mairo noun "horse" (GL:56; later sources have rocco, olombo)

Mairon, masc. name “the Admirable” (cf. adj. maira), said to be the original name of Sauron, changed when he was suborned by Melkor, “but he continued to call himself Mairon the Admirable, or Tar-mairon ‘King Excellent’, until after the downfall of Númenor” (PE17:183). Since Sauron had joined Melkor before the Elves came to Valinor and developed the Quenya language, we are perhaps to understand that Mairon is a translation by sense of Sauron’s original Valarin name, though Sauron himself may seem to have used the Elvish form in Middle-earth and on Númenor.

maita adj. "hungry" (VT39:11)

maitë (stem *maiti-, given the primitive form ¤ma3iti) adj. "handed” or “handy, skilful” (VT49:32, 42) in Angamaitë, hyarmaitë, lungumaitë, morimaitë, Telemmaitë, q.v. Etym gives maitë pl. maisi "handy, skilled" (MA3), but Tolkien later eliminated the variation t/s (compare ataformaitë “ambidextrous”, pl. ataformaiti).

Maitimo noun "well-shaped one", mother-name (never used in narrative) of Nelyafinwë = Maedhros (PM:353)

maivoinë noun "great longing" (LT2:345)

maiwë noun "gull" (MIW), pl. maiwi in Markirya. Cf. also the "Qenya" pl. maiwin "gulls" (MC:213)

mal conj. "but" (VT43:23)

mala- vb. "hurt, pain" (QL:63)

Malantur, masc. name. Apparently includes -(n)tur "lord, ruler". The initial element is unlikely to connect with the early "Qenya" element mala- "hurt, pain", and may rather reflect the root MALAT "gold" (PM:366): Malat-ntur > Malantur "Gold-ruler"? (UT:210)

malarauco noun "balrog, demon" (RUK - rather valarauco in Tolkien's later Quenya)

malcanë ("k") noun "torture" (LT1:250)

Malcaraucë noun "balrog", also Valkaraucë ("k") (LT1:250; in Tolkien's later Quenya Valarauco)

malda adj. “yellow, of golden colour” (PE17:51), variant of malina. An earlier source (the Etymologies, entry SMAL) has malda as the noun “gold” – but LotR gives malta, q.v., and according to VT46:14 the form malta originally appeared in the Etymologies as well. Since Quenya sometimes uses adjectives as nouns (see for instance fanya), malda could still be regarded as a valid side-form of the noun malta “gold”.

maldornë noun (fictional species of tree, Sindarin mallorn). Variant of malinornë (apparently arising by shortening to *malnornë and the normal development ln > ld, unless the shorter adjective malda is present from the beginning). (PE17:51)

málimë (stem *málimi-, given primitive form ¤mā-limi) noun "wrist", literally "hand-link" (má + #limë). (VT47:6)

malina adj. "yellow" (SMAL, Letters:308), “yellow, of golden colour” (PE17:51). Malinalda *"Yellow-tree", a name of Laurelin (SA:mal-; evidently malina + alda), translated "Tree of Gold" in the Silmarillion index. Cf. also malinornë.

malinai ??? (Narqelion)

malinornë noun “yellow-tree” (malina + ornë), fictional species of tree (Sindarin mallorn; in Quenya also called maldornë) (PE17:50). Cf. malinornélion "of yellow-trees"; see laurelindórenan lindelorendor... (LotR2:III ch. 4; cf. Letters:308). Malinornélion is partitive pl. genitive of malinornë (UT:167, normal pl. malinorni, UT:168).

mallë pl. maller noun "street, road" (MBAL, LR:47, 56, LT1:263, SD:310)

málo noun "friend" (MEL, VT49:22)

malo (1) (stem *malu-, given the primitive form ¤smalu) noun "pollen, yellow powder" (SMAL)

malo (2) (*malu-, pl. malwi) noun “moth” (QL:58)

málos noun "forest" (LT2:342 – rather taurë in Tolkien's later Quenya)

malta noun "gold", also name of tengwa #18 (Appendix E). The Etymologies (entry SMAL) instead has malda, q.v. for discussion, but according to VT46:14, the form malta originally appeared in the Etymologies as well. Also compare the root MALAT listed in PM:366.

malwa adj. "fallow, pale" (SMAL)

máma noun "sheep" (WJ:395)

mámandil noun *"sheep-friend" (máma + -ndil), i.e. "shepherd"? (UT:209)

mamil noun *"mother, mummy" (UT:191)

man pron. "who" (Nam, RGEO:67, FS, LR:59, Markirya, MC:213, 214); cf. PM:357 note 18, where a reference is made to the Eldarin interrogative element ma, man). However, man is translated "what" in LR:59: man-ië? "what is it?" (LR:59; the stative-verb suffix -ië is hardly valid in LotR-style Quenya) Either Tolkien later adjusted the meaning of the word, or man covers both "who" and "what". Cf. also mana, manen.

mána 1) adj. "blessed" (FS); also manna, q.v. 2) noun “any good thing or fortunate thing; a boon or ‘blessing’, a grace, being esp. used of some thing/person/event that helps or amends an evil or difficulty. (Cf. frequent ejaculation on receiving aid in trouble: yé mána (ma) = ‘what a blessing, what a good thing!)“ (VT49:41)

mana interogative, a word translated "what is" in the sentence mana i-coimas Eldaron[?] "what is the coimas (lembas) of the Eldar?" (PM:395, a variant reading in PM:403) Either this is *ma "what" + ná "is", or mana may itself be a unitary word "what", and there is not really any word meaning "is" in the sentence. Since ma is assigned other meanings elsewhere, the latter interpretation may be the more likely.

manaitë adj. “blessed” (VT49:41, 42)

manaquenta adj. "blessed" (VT44:10; see manquë, manquenta)

manar noun "doom, final end, fate, fortune" (usually = final bliss) (MANAD (under MAN), VT45:32)

mátata, see *manta

manca- ("k") vb. "trade" (MBAKH, VT45:33)

mancalë ("k") noun "commerce" (MBAKH; this form apparently replaced mahtalë, cf. mahta- #2 [VT45:33])

mandë (1) noun "doom, final end, fate, fortune" (usually = final bliss) (MANAD, under MAN)

mandë (2) adv. “well” (VT49:26; this is “Qenya”). Rather mai in Tolkien’s later Quenya.

mando noun "custody, safe keeping" (MR:350) or "prison, duress" (in Mandos, see below) (SA:band); Mando "the Imprisoner or Binder", usually lenghtened Mandos. In a deleted version of the entry MBAD of the Etymologies, Tolkien gave mando the meaning "doomsman, judge" instead of "custody" (MBAD (ÑGUR, GOS/GOTH, SPAN), VT45:33)

Mandos (Mandost-) noun "Castle of Custody" (the approximate meaning, according to MR:350). Used as the name of a Vala, properly the place where he dwells (the Halls of Mandos), whereas his real name is Námo (WJ:402). In Tolkien’s mythology, the “Halls of Mandos” are the abode of the dead, where their spirits remain until they are released from this world (in the case of mortals) or rebodied (in the case of Elves – except for those who are refused or themselves refuse further incarnate life, and so remain in Mandos indefinitely). In the Etymologies, Mandos (also Mandossë) is interpreted somewhat differently, "Dread Imprisoner" (MBAD (MANAD),VT45:32) or in a deleted version "Dread Doom" (VT45:33, where Mandos was asigned the stem Mandosse-). The interpretation “Dread Imprisoner” would suggest that Tolkien at the time thought of Mandos as being also properly the name of a person, the Vala Námo, not the name of a place. – See also Mando.

mandu noun "abyss" (MC:214; this is "Qenya" - Tolkien's later Quenya has undumë)

mandulómi noun "hell-shadows" (MC:221; this is "Qenya")

mánë noun "a spirit that has gone to the Valar or to Erumáni" (LT1:260)

manë adj. "good (moral)" (sc. *"good in a moral sense") (LT1:260, VT49:26)

manen interrogative "how" (PM:395)

manna adj. "blessed" (also mána, q.v.) (VT43:30, VT45:32, VT49:41)

mannar inflected noun "into (the) hands", allative pl. of má, q.v. (FS)

*manta- vb. “bless”, only attested in the present/continuative tense: mánata (VT49:39, 52, 55)

mantë pa.t. of mat-, mata-, q.v.

manquë, manquenta adj. "blessed" (VT44:10-11; it cannot be ruled out that manquë – spelt manque in the source – is simply an uncompleted form of manquenta. Whatever the case, Tolkien decided to use the form manaquenta instead, q.v.)

manu noun "departed spirit" (MAN)

manwa- (1) vb. "prepare" (QL:59)

manwa (2) adj. "ready" (QL:59)

Manwë noun "Blessed Being" (Letters:283), the Elder King and Lord of the Valar, spouse of Varda. The name is adopted and adapted from Valarin Mānawenūz; names ending in -wë were already frequent in Quenya (WJ:399). In the Etymologies derived from MAN, WEG. Cf. Mánwen, Mánwë the oldest Quenya forms of Manwë, closer to the Valarin form (WJ:399). Lower-case manwë in LR:56. Ablative Manwello, VT49:24 (in this source Tolkien indicated that lo Manwë is the preferred way of saying “from Manwë”, but this was apparently a short-lived idea; see lo). Masc. name Manwendil "Manwë-friend; one devoted to Manwë" (UT:210). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, Manwë was also the name of letter #22 (VT45:32), which tengwa Tolkien would later call vala instead – changing its Quenya value from m to v.

manya- vb. “bless” – “sc. either to afford grace or help or to wish it” (VT49:41)

[manyel noun “female” (PE17:190)]

mapa- vb. "grasp, seize" (MAP; according to LT2:339 this word was struck out in the "Gnomish Lexicon" [where it was quoted as the cognate of certain Gnomish words], but it reappears in the Etymologies.) Earlier material gives map- “take” (PE16:133) or map- "seize, take" with pa.t. nampë (QL:59); it is unclear if the pa.t. of map(a)- is still nampë in LotR-style Quenya.