Redactare academică 2017-18
Yüklə 36,77 Kb.
|
| Redactare academică 2017-18 | Seminarul #6 - exerciții În fragmentele următoare:
RO 1. (Dilema Veche) În 1956, doi psihiatri americani, Thomas și Chess, doi cartografi ai personalității umane, au inițiat un studiu longitudinal, derulat pe durata a trei decenii, care să ofere un cadru de înțelegere a temperamentului copiilor, pe baze biologice și comportamentale. Observațiile sistematice ale acestora asupra unui grup reprezentativ de copii, pe parcursul mai multor etape de dezvoltare, i-au condus către identificarea a nouă mari dimensiuni temperamentale, organizate polar, în perechi de trăsături opuse. Una dintre acestea, „apropiere/retragere“, făcea referire la faptul că, biologic, o parte dintre copii manifestă o reacție de retragere și rezervă în fața situațiilor și persoanelor noi. Din punct de vedere comportamental, ei au observat că acest grup de copii au nevoie de mai mult timp pentru a se obișnui și acomoda cu o situație nouă sau cu o persoană necunoscută. La scurt timp, în 1983, un alt cercetător, Jerome Kagan, definea un construct temperamental similar, denumit „inhibiție comportamentală“, 2. (Observator Cultural) Peste un an, sărbătorim Centenarul Marii Uniri, însă numai a frontierelor țării, nu și a locuitorilor ei. În România, ființează încă tot atîtea milioane de Românii cîți cetățeni are ea, fiecare cu propriul ei locuitor și președinte totodată. Și la care părerile țin loc de repere și de modele, iar acestea, cîte sînt, țin la rîndul lor mai mult de tradiție decît de civilizație (tradiția fiind la rîndul ei pervertită de decenii de Cîntarea României și Cenaclul Flacăra). Milioane de români cu o istorie pe care nu o cunosc și care de multe ori este chiar un subiect de batjocură, tocmai pentru că a fost de atîtea ori răstălmăcită și tratată ca o fată-n casă a politicii, o istorie care se bucură de respect numai la comemorări. Aceasta este, de fapt, cea mai grea moștenire a comunismului – omul nou, ajuns la maturitate, țăranul dezrădăcinat de colectivizare și industrializare, muncitorul abrutizat de normele comuniste și de haosul controlat al tranziției care l-a lăsat fără strung și i-a dat înapoi țăranului pămîntul, dar nu și obișnuința de a l lucra. 3. (contributors.ro) Și, deși generațiile mature au avut și ele parte în copilărie de Jules Verne, ficțiuni ca “Douăzeci de mii de leghe sub mări” sau “O călătorie spre centrul pămîntului” n-au împiedicat aceste generații să frecventeze și alte genuri literare. Citeai Jules Verne, în paralel cu Alexandre Dumas și Karl May, pînă pe la 12-13 ani, după care, treptat, lecturile migrau spre Balzac, Hugo, Flaubert, Proust, Camus, surorile Bronte, Thomas Hardy, Jane Austen, Tolstoi, Dostoievski. La fel, gustai un film SF ca “2001: O odisee spațială” al lui Kubrik, dar și “Pe aripile vîntului”, “Casablanca”, “Sunetul muzicii”, “Doctor Jivago”, “Dansînd cu lupii”, “Robin Hood” etc. Nu sunt însă sigură că adolescenții pasionați de “Batman vs. Superman”, “The Avengers”, “Gravity” și “Star Wars” de azi se delectează în paralel cu “Pride and prejudice”, “Sense and sensibility”, “Cyrano de Bergerac” sau “Contele de Monte-Cristo”. Probabil că aceste generații gustă mai curînd genul romantic sau de aventură combinat cu science fiction sau cu genul fantastic. Actualul film de capă și spadă “Pirații din Caraibe” o dovedește din plin. Dincolo de aceste considerații de gust, care, desigur, “nu se discută”, cei preocupați de formarea tinerei generații se întreabă ce impact produc aceste filme asupra auditoriului lor. 4. (VoxPublica) În fapt în ultimii ani am trăit în Uniunea Europeană mai multe crize începând cu cea economică, continuând cu criza imigranților, problema atacurilor teroriste și nu în ultimul rând Brexit. Am putea crede că aceste crize nu au nimic în comun, că fiecare își are resorturile ei și că nu există o cauză structurală, unică, explicativă. Fals, toate aceste crize au o cauză comună – sărăcia, intrarea în cercul vicios al accentuării inegalităților.
1. (Boston Review) Academic physicians are not known for their modesty, but even among his peers George Herbert “Herb” Green stood out. Colleagues described him as belligerent and autocratic. “Quite a bully,” says a former laboratory technician at National Women’s Hospital. Conservative in his politics and chauvinistic in his attitudes, Green was an obstetrician-gynecologist who not only opposed abortion but also sterilization. When screening for cervical cancer became widespread, he opposed that too. Green took pride in being seen as a contrarian—a “doubting Thomas,” as he put it. His ability to intimidate others came partly from his size and bearing; Green was a large, gruff man who had grown up in gumboots on a south Otago farm. But his physical size was exceeded by his high self-regard. Green was supremely confident in his own judgment and he was not shy about letting others know it. If egos were cars, Green would have driven a Cadillac Eldorado. In the end, he drove it over a cliff. In New Zealand Green is infamous as the physician behind the “unfortunate experiment.” His tragic flaw was signaled by a phrase written on his office chalkboard: “Don’t confuse me with the facts—my mind is made up.” Green was convinced that cervical carcinoma in situ (CIS)—a condition in which abnormal cells are found on the surface of the cervix but not yet any deeper—would not progress to invasive cervical cancer. ” 2. (The Atlantic) “Since then, Shukitt-Hale has been studying the effects of blueberries on the nervous system. “We found they’re doing a lot besides anti-oxidation,” she told me. “They’re also anti-inflammatory. They also have direct effects on the brain, including plasticity and neuronal communication and neurogenesis; they’re involved in the formation of new neurons. They have far-reaching effects.” This was becoming clear. Her work builds on her late lab neighbor Joseph’s, who first reported that blueberries can improve memory in aging animals…” 3. (New York Review of Books) The idealization of Freud the man that Crews is so keen to prove a blinding illusion is hardly prevalent. Most scholars, commentators, and even analysts don’t need it to make use of Freud’s insights into the opacity and unpredictability of the human mind, or the ways in which love and hate coexist, or how our childhoods echo through us, sometimes trapping us, or how our identifications with early figures in our lives shape the complicated humans we become. Or perhaps most important, how much we share with those whom we casually label with the many diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Jones himself, by the time he wrote his biography of Freud, had shifted his theoretical allegiances to Melanie Klein… 4. (New York Times) Weber saw bureaucracies as powerful, but dispiritingly impersonal. Mr. Bauman amended this: Bureaucracy can be inhuman. Bureaucratic structures had deadened the moral sense of ordinary German soldiers, he contended, which made the Holocaust possible. They could tell themselves they were just doing their job and following orders. Later, Mr. Bauman turned his scholarly attention to the postwar and late-2oth-century worlds, where the nature and role of all-encompassing institutions were again his focal point. 5. (London Review of Books) l've talked before about the ways women get silenced in public disocurse. And there's plenty of that silencing still going on. We need only think of Elizabeth Warren being prevented a few weeks ago from reading out a letter by Coretta Scott King in the US Senate. What was extraordinary on that occasion wasn’t only that she was silenced and formally excluded from the debate; but that several men over the next couple of days did read the letter out and were neither excluded nor shut up. True, they were trying to support Warren. But the rules of speech that applied to her did not appear to apply to Bernie Sanders, or the three other male senators who did the same. The right to be heard is crucially important. But I want to think more generally about how we have learned to at women who exercise power… 6. (The Atlantic) President Obama has been called the “first social-media president”. It’s both a true and a misleading characterization. On the one hand, the Obama White House was indeed the first presidency to make use of services like Twitter, Facebook, Snapchat, and Instagram. But on the other hand, these services either didn’t exist or weren’t used by a broad public before Barack Obama took office in 2009. The White House brags that Obama was the first to tweet from @POTUS on Twitter, to go live on Facebook, to use a filter on Snapchat. But in truth, any president in office during the last eight years probably would have become the first social-media president. That doesn’t mean that any president would have been good at it, however. 7. (New Republic) Despite Drezner’s impatience with the delusions of thought leaders, he shrinks form the darker implications of his evidence. When it comes time to render a verdict on whether the Ideas Industry is “working”, he conjures an economic metaphor: “For good and ill, the modern marketplace of ideas strongly resembles modern financial markets. Usually, the system works. On occasion, however, there can be asset bubbles.” Nowhere is the inadequacy of this metaphor more evident than in his case study of the rise and fall of Harvard Business School professor Clayton Christensen’s theory of “disruptive innovation”. 8.* (NewYorker) Active measures were used by both sides throughout the Cold War. In the nineteen-sixties, Soviet intelligence officers spread a rumor that the U.S. government was involved in the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. In the eighties, they spread the rumor that American intelligence had "created" the AIDS virus, at Fort Detrick, Maryland. They regularly lent support to leftist parties and insurgencies. The C.I.A., for its part, worked to overthrow regimes in Iran, Cuba, Haiti, Brazil, Chile, and Panama. It used cash payments, propaganda, and sometimes violent measures to sway elections away from leftist parties in Italy, Guatemala, Indonesia, South Vietnam, and Nicaragua. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, in the early nineties, the C.I.A. asked Russia to abandon active measures to spread disinformation that could harm the U.S. Russia promised to do so. But when Sergey Tretyakov, the station chief for Russian intelligence in New York, defected, in 2000, he revealed that Moscow's active measures had never subsided. "Nothing has changed," he wrote, in 2008."Russia is doing everything it can today to embarrass the U.S." 9. (New Republic) “During the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, cephalopods dominated the seas. Voracious and omnivorous predators, wildly adaptable survivors, cephalopods were far more numerous, and their reign lasted longer, than the dinosaurs. They survived an even greater extinction event: the Permian Extinction, when volcanoes in Siberia erupted for a solid 100000 years, blotting out nearly 96 percent of all marine life. And yet we know far less about them. Why? The main reason, it would seem, (…) is simply because many of them left behind very little in the fossil record.” Yüklə 36,77 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
|