Report title

Draft import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji

April 2012

© Commonwealth of Australia

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This publication (and any material sourced from it) should be attributed as:

Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity (2012) Draft import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra. CC BY 3.0.

Cataloguing data

Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Biosecurity (2012) Draft import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra

Internet

The Draft import risk analysis report for fresh ginger from Fiji is available via daff.gov.au/ba.

Inquiries regarding the licence and any use of this document should be sent to: [e-mail].

Disclaimer

The Australian Government acting through the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry has exercised due care and skill in the preparation and compilation of the information in this publication. Notwithstanding, the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, its employees and advisers disclaim all liability, including liability for negligence, for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of accessing, using or relying upon any of the information in this publication to the maximum extent permitted by law.

Cover image: Fijian ginger rhizomes after harvest. Photographed by DAFF Biosecurity officer, September 2007.


Submissions

This draft import risk analysis (IRA) report has been issued to give all interested parties an opportunity to comment and draw attention to any scientific, technical, or other gaps in the data, misinterpretations and errors. Any comments should be submitted to DAFF Biosecurity within the comment period stated in the related Biosecurity Advice on the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry website. The draft IRA report will then be revised as necessary to take account of the comments received and a provisional final IRA report will be released at a later date.

Comments on the draft IRA report should be submitted to:

Biosecurity Plant

Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
GPO Box 858
CANBERRA ACT 2601
AUSTRALIA

Telephone: [phone]

Facsimile: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Internet: http://daff.gov.au/ba


Contents

Acronyms and abbreviations iv

Abbreviations of units v

Summary vii

Introduction 1

1.1Australia’s biosecurity policy framework 1

1.2This import risk analysis 1

Method for pest risk analysis 5

1.3Stage 1: Initiation 5

1.4Stage 2: Pest risk assessment 6

1.5Stage 3: Pest risk management 13

Fiji’s commercial production practices for ginger 15

1.6Assumptions used in estimating unrestricted risk 15

1.7Ginger production 15

1.8Export capability 19

Pest risk assessments for quarantine pests 21

1.9Fiji ginger weevil 22

1.10Yam scale 27

1.11Ring nematodes 32

1.12Spiral nematodes 37

1.13Cystoid nematode 42

1.14Pest risk assessment conclusion 47

Pest risk management 48

1.15Pest risk management measures and phytosanitary procedures 49

1.16Uncategorised pests 52

1.17Review of policy 53

Conclusion 55

Appendix A Initiation and categorisation for pests of fresh ginger from Fiji 59

Appendix B Additional quarantine pest data 73

Appendix C Biosecurity framework 77

Glossary 83

References 87

Tables

Table 2.1 Nomenclature for qualitative likelihoods 9

Table 2.2 Matrix of rules for combining qualitative likelihoods 9

Table 2.3 Decision rules for determining the consequence impact score based on the magnitude of consequences at four geographic scales 11

Table 2.4 Decision rules for determining the overall consequence rating for each pest 12

Table 2.5 Risk estimation matrix 12

Table 4.1 Quarantine pests for fresh ginger from Fiji 21

Table 4.2 Summary of unrestricted risk estimates for quarantine pests associated with fresh ginger from Fiji 48

Table 5.1 Ant species in Fiji that may be intercepted in fresh ginger imports 52

Figures

Figure 1 Map of Australia iii

Figure 2 A guide to Australia’s bio-climate zones iii

Figure 3.1: Ginger farm in the highlands of Naitasiri 15

Figure 3.2: Commercial ginger production in Navua 16

Figure 3.3: Seed ginger material ready for planting 17

Figure 3.4: Washing of ginger rhizomes 18

Figure 3.5: Ginger drying on wire mesh after washing 18

Figure 3.6: Packed ginger ready for export 19

Figure 1 Map of Australia


Figure 2 A guide to Australia’s bio-climate zones