Risk Management in its broadest sense represents the successful control of all threats of harm and loss to an organisation, group of people or an individual
3. QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
This type of assessment produces numerical values of the risk involved and evaluates the results against specified risk criteria.
4. DANGER
Danger is a state or situation, which is a product of a hazard and it’s associated risk.
Definition
5. ACCIDENT
5. ACCIDENT
An accident is commonly defined as an unplanned event, which result in Injury or Damage.
6. INCIDENT
An incident is an event, which represents deviation from the intended sequence of designed steps. Commonly defined as an unplanned event, which does not result in Injury or Damage A “Near Miss” is by definition an Incident.
7. RISK
A risk is the likelihood that harm may result being a function of both frequency and severity. The risk can range from the trivial (a paper cut) to catastrophic accident
Often thought of as representing the level of security and freedom from harm.There is no such thing as complete safety, an appropriate definition might be “the maximum level of risk a person or organisation is prepared to accept”
9. HAZARD
A hazard is something with the potential to cause harm. This can be substances or machines, methods of work and other aspects of work organisations
10. Harm
Harm represents physical injury, death, ill health, property and equipment damage and any from of associated loss
Definition
Risk assessments for all field (site activities)
Hazard Operability Studies (HAZOPS)
Hazard Identification Studies (HAZIDS)
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Tool Box Talks
Risk management Tools
Identify
Analyse
PLAN
Track
Control
Communication and Documentation
GENERIC RISK ASSESSMENT
A generic or group assessment is a general assessment of the risk posed by a combination of discrete or separate risks of varying type & severity. The risk assessment process can be managed more efficiently by producing generic risk assessments that are applicable to as many people or places as possible
SPECIFIC RISK ASSESSMENT
Some specific hazards where a generic risk assessment has not been carried out, or where it is not considered suitable or sufficient, then a specific risk assesment should be made.
Risk Assessment Process
Safe Place Strategies
Eliminate the Hazard – the very best thing to do if possible
Reduce the Hazard
Isolate Hazard from people
Control the extent of exposure/contact with the hazard
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) almost the last resort
Where risk is expressed in terms of High, Medium or Low
QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES
Attempt to express risk in numerical terms & will be based on calculation using data of failure rates of equipment, human error, etc
RISK EVALUATION
Risk evaluation is determined by the Likelihood of the incident event occurring multiplied by the Severity of the incident
LIKELIHOOD X SEVERITY = RISK
Stage Four – Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment Matrix
LIKELIHOOD POTENTIAL is determined as follows:
E - Happens several time per year in this project – could happen at any time
D - Happens several time per year in our Corporate – could happen sometimes
C - Incident has occurred in our Corporate – could happen, but very rarely
B - Heard of in construction industry – could happen, but probably never will
A - Never heard in construction industry – theoretical
Risk Evaluation - Likelihood
Harm to People
Risk Evaluation - Severity
Harm to People
0 No injury or damage to health.
1 Slight injury or health effects (including First Aid case and Medical Treatment case and Occupational illness) - Not affecting work performance or causing disability.
2 Minor injury or health effects (Lost Time Injury ) -Affecting work performance, such as restriction to activities (Restricted work Case or Occupational Illness) or a need to take a few days to fully recover (Lost Workday Case). Minor health effects, which are reversible, e.g. skin irritation, food poisoning.
Harm to People
Risk Evaluation - Severity
Harm to People
3 Major injury or health effects (including Permanent Partial Disability and Occupational Illness) -Affecting work performance in the longer term, such as a prolonged absence from work. Irreversible health damage without loss of life, e.g. noise induced hearing loss, chronic back injuries, sensitization, hand/arm vibration syndrome, repetitive strain injury.
4 Permanent Total Disability or one to three fatalities - from an accident or occupational illness. Irreversible health damage with serious disability or death, e.g. corrosive burns, heat stroke, cancer (small exposed population)
5 Multiple fatalities - from an accident or occupational illness (e.g. chemical asphyxiation or cancer (large exposed population)
Asset Damage and other Consequential Business Losses (USD)
Risk Evaluation - Severity
Asset Damage and other Consequential Business Losses (USD)
0 Zero damage
1 Slight damage - No disruption to operation (costs less than 10,000)
2 Minor damage- Brief disruption (cost less than 100,000)
3 Local damage- Partial shutdown (can be restarted but costs up to 1,000,000)
4 Major damage- Partial operation loss (2 weeks shutdown costs up to 10,000,000)
5 Extensive damage- Substantial or total loss of operation (costs in excess of 10,000,000)
0 Zero effect - No environmental damage. No financial consequences.
1 Slight effect - Slight environmental damage, within the fence and within systems. Negligible financial consequences.
2 Minor effect - Sufficiently large contamination or discharge to damage to attack the environment, but no lasting effect. Single breach of statutory or prescribed limit, or single complaint.
3 Localized effect - Limited discharges affecting the neighborhood and damaging the environment. Repeated breaches of statutory or prescribed limit, or many complains.
Environmental Effect
Risk Evaluation - Severity
Environmental Effect
4 Major effect - Severe environmental damage. The company is required to take extensive measures to restore the damaged environment. Extended breaches of statutory or prescribed limits, or widespread nuisance.
5 Massive effect - Persistent severe environmental damage or severe nuisance extending over a large area. Loss of commercial, or recreational use or nature conservancy resulting in major financial consequences for the Company. Ongoing breaches well above statutory or prescribed limits.
1 Slight impact - Public awareness may exist, but there is no public concern.
2 Limited impact - some local public concern. Some local media and/or local political attention with potentially adverse aspects for company operations.
3 Considerable impact - Regional public concern. Extensive adverse attention in local media. Slight national media and/or local/regional political attention. Adverse stance of local government and/or action groups.
Impact on Reputation
Risk Evaluation - Severity
Impact on Reputation
4 National impact - National public concern. Extensive adverse attention in the national media. Effect on Regional/national policies with potentially restrictive measures and/or impact on grant of licenses. Mobilization of action groups.
5 International impact - International public attention. Extensive adverse attention in international media. National/international policies with potentially severe impact on access to new areas, grants of licenses and/or tax legislation.
Risk Assessment - Sample
All
B2
B
2
Foreman
Check scaffolds after adverse weather condition
C2
C
2
Adverse weather
Scaffolders / All
B1
B
1
Foreman
Barricade area during erection & Dismantling
E3
E
3
Falls of Materials
Scaffolders
B2
B
2
Foreman
Check ground condition. Use base plate & sole plate. Use proper materials
B4
B
4
Collapse of Scaffold
Scaffolders
B3
B
3
Foreman/ Scaffolders
Scaffolders working above 1.8m must be 100% tie off. Hand rails to be fitted
