Isn't that true, though? Historically, hasn't the stock market significantly beat interest rate returns? True, but there is a lot of statistical mumbo jumbo involved. Average return calculations depend heavily on
the starting date. If you start in 1968 or 1972, for example, the numbers look a lot less appealing.
What are the elements of good trading? Good trading is a peculiar balance between the conviction to follow your ideas and the flexibility to recognize
when you have made a mistake. You need to believe in something, but at the same time, you are going to be wrong a
considerable number of times. The balance between confidence and humility is best learned through extensive
experience and mistakes. There should be a respect for the person on the other side of the trade. Always ask
yourself: Why does he want to sell? What does he know that I don't? Finally, you have to be intellectually honest with
yourself and others. In my judgment, all great traders are seekers of truth.
Steinhardt's variant perception is basically a contrarian approach. But you can't be a successful contrarian by
just using sentiment survey numbers or other measures of bullish consensus. The markets don't pay off that easily.
Although sentiment is always very bullish at tops and very bearish at bottoms, unfortunately, extreme bullish and
bearish readings are also characteristic of extended trends. The trick is not being a contrarian, but being a contrarian
at the right time. Such judgments cannot be made on the basis of simple formulae. The successful contrarian needs
to be able to filter out the true opportunities. Steinhardt's filters are a combination of a keen sense of fundamentals
and market timing.
Flexibility is another essential key to Steinhardt's extremely favorable return/risk performance characteristics.
This flexibility is demonstrated by the equal ease at which he goes short or long, as well as his willingness to trade
markets other than stocks when warranted by his perception of the fundamentals. "The more things you bring to the
table—shorting, hedging, participation in bond markets, futures market trading, and so on—the better off you are," he
says.
One trait I have noticed among a number of the great traders is their willingness and ability to take on a
particularly large position when they perceive a major trading opportunity. The nerve and skill required to step on the
accelerator at the right time is certainly one of the elements that separates good traders from exceptional traders.
Steinhardt's heavy position in treasury notes during 1981 and 1982 is a perfect example of this characteristic.
Conviction is probably an important quality for any trader, but it is essential to the contrarian trader.
Steinhardt has repeatedly demonstrated amazing resolve in maintaining large positions during difficult times, as long
as he was convinced he was still right. Witness his conviction in staying with his treasury note position during the six-
month climax in interest rates in 1981, remaining immune not only to the market move against him, but also to the
psychological pressures of complaining investors who questioned his sudden transition into treasuries after a career
as a stock trader. Throughout it all, Steinhardt held on, and even built his position, because he remained convinced
that he was right. Without his strong sense of conviction, the world probably would never have heard of Michael
Steinhardt.
Steinhardt also stresses that there are no absolute formulae or fixed patterns. The markets are always
changing, and the successful trader needs to adapt to these changes. In Steinhardt's view, traders who try to find
fixed approaches will be doomed to failure sooner or later.
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