How do you find enough time to spend on all those markets? Just the reading itself seems to be a monumental chore. I do not do it nearly as actively as I used to. Over the years, I have spent a great deal of time pouring a lot of
stuff into my head. I have developed a great deal of perspective on many markets. When I teach, students are always
astonished by the range of historical markets that I am familiar with. I know about these markets because I have
pored over many commodity, bond, and stock books so many times, for so many years. As an example, I knew about
the great bull market in cotton in 1861, when cotton went from
\ cent to $1.05.
How do you find out about a market like that? I start by finding the anomalous years in a long-term historical chart. When I see a picture like the 1861
cotton market, I ask myself, "What caused that? Why did that happen?" Then I try to figure it out. From that, you
learn an enormous amount.
In fact, one of the courses I teach at Columbia, which the kids call "Bulls and Bears," requires each student to
find a major historical market move. It doesn't matter which market, or whether the move was up or down. My
instructions are for them to tell me what one could have known at the time to see the big move coming. When rubber
was at 2 cents everyone said, "How can rubber ever go up?" Yet it went up twelvefold. Somebody saw it. I always ask
them, "What could you have seen at the time?" I always nail them. They will say, "I knew the market would go up
because there was going to be a war." But I will make them tell me how they could have known at the time that there
was a war coming. The course gives them historical perspective across a broad spectrum of markets and teaches
them how to analyze.
I have lived through or studied hundreds, possibly even thousands, of bull and bear markets. In every bull
market, whether it is IBM or oats, the bulls always seem to come up with reasons why it must go on, and on, and on.
I remember hearing hundreds of times, "We are going to run out of supply." "This time is going to be different." "Oil
has to sell at $100 a barrel." "Oil is not a commodity [he laughs]." "Gold is different from every other commodity."
Well, damn, for 5,000 years it has not been different from every other commodity. There have been some periods
when gold has been very bullish, and other periods when it has gone down for many years. There is nothing mystical
about it. Sure, it has been a store of value, but so has wheat, corn, copper—everything. All these things have been
around for thousands of years. Some are more valuable than others, but they are all commodities. They always have
been, and they always will be.