The U. S. Army Future Concept for the Human Dimension

Glossary

Section I

Abbreviations
AAR after action review

AO area of operations

AR Army regulation

ARFORGEN Army force generation

ARI Army Research Institute

ARL U.S. Army Research Laboratory

ATLDP Army Training and Leader Development Panel

BCE before the Common Era

BCT brigade combat team

BNCOC basic noncommissioned officer course

C2 command and control

CJTF combined joint task force

COIN counterinsurgency

COSR combat and operational stress responses

CTC combat training center

DL distributed learning

DOD Department of Defense

DOTMLPF doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and

education, personnel, and facilities

FM field manual

FSV full spectrum vehicle

FSV-G full spectrum vehicle-gun

FSV-R full spectrum vehicle-reconnaissance

GEL guided experiential learning

GOI Government of Indonesia

HPI human performance improvement

HPT human performance technology

IET initial entry training

IMT initial military training

IT information technology

JIM joint, interagency, and multinational

JOE joint operational environment

MNC multinational corporation

MOS military occupational specialty

MTT mobile training team

MWR morale, welfare, and recreation

NCO noncommissioned officer

NCOES Noncommissioned Officer Education System

OE operational environment

OEF Operation Enduring Freedom

OES Officer Education System

OIF Operation Iraqi Freedom

OPFOR opposing forces

OPTEMPO operational tempo

Pam pamphlet

ROTC Reserve Officer’s Training Corps

RSTA reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition

S3 operations and training officer

S&T science and technology

SEAL sea-air-land team

TF task force

TLE training and leader education

TRADOC U. S. Army Training and Doctrine Command

TRP target reference point

TTP tactics, techniques, and procedures

UK United Kingdom

UN United Nations

U.S. United States

USMA U.S. Military Academy
Section II

Terms
360-degree appraisal

The formal evaluation of an officer's performance by superiors, peers, and subordinates.

adaptive decisionmaking

Leadership actions based on an assessment of the situation as viewed through the eyes of subordinates armed with the commander’s intent and support.

build option

A recruiting strategy for that sector of the population that does not initially meet the Army’s expectation, yet has the desire to serve, the Army will need to implement processes that shape these candidates into fully qualified Soldiers.

burnout

The emotional exhaustion, interpersonal insensitivity, and a diminished sense of personal accomplishment that occurs after prolonged exposure to stress.

buy option

A recruiting strategy that focuses on offering incentives to encourage highly desirable potential candidates to enlist. This can either be an offer of money—an approach already becoming prohibitively expensive—or an offer of incentives of intangible value.

civil support

Army forces combine offensive, defensive, and stability or civil support operations simultaneously as part of an interdependent joint force to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative to achieve decisive results.

cognition

The processing of information, applying knowledge and changing preferences.

cohesion

The bonding together of members of an organization/unit in such a way as to sustain their will and commitment to each other, their unit, and the mission. Cohesion has two distinct forms -primary and secondary cohesion. (See primary and secondary cohesion.)

combat and operational stress (COS)

Developed from three contributing factors—enemy action, physical environment and interpersonal conflicts. COS can occur in a deployed or non-deployed environment. Many stressors in a combat situation are due to deliberate enemy actions aimed at killing, wounding, or demoralizing Soldiers and allies. Other stressors are due to the natural environment, such as intense heat or cold, humidity, or poor air quality. Others are due to leaders' own calculated or miscalculated choices (for example, decisions about unit strength, maneuver, the time of the attack, and plans for medical and logistical support). Finally, some of the most potent stressors are interpersonal in nature and can be due to conflict in the unit or on the home front.

combat and operational stress reactions (COSR)

The expected, predictable, emotional, cognitive, physical, and/or behavioral reactions of Service members who exposed to stressful events in combat or military operations other than war. Reactions can be adaptive or maladaptive. Stressors, when combines with effective leadership and good peer relationships may lead to adaptive stress reactions, which enhance individual and unit performance. Maladaptive stress reactions range from minor breaches of unit orders or regulations to serious violations of the Uniform Code of Military Justice and the Law of Land Warfare. Misconduct stress behaviors are most likely to occur in poorly trained undisciplined Soldiers, however good and heroic, under extreme combat stress may also engage in misconduct.

domestic environment

The composite of the physical conditions, demographics, and the internal political, economic, and social influences that shape the U.S. domestic policy and national security strategy. The domestic environment has a direct impact on the human capital available to the U.S. Army. Appreciation of the implications the domestic environment has on the physical, cognitive, and moral components of the human dimension is essential.

full spectrum operations

Army forces combine offensive, defensive, and stability or civil support operations simultaneously as part of an interdependent joint force to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative to achieve decisive results. (FM 3-0)

general adaptation syndrome

General adaptation syndrome is related to physical fitness and describes three basic stages of responses to stress: (a) the alarm stage, involving the initial shock of the stimulus on the system, (b) the resistance stage, involving the adaptation to the stimulus by the system, and (c) the exhaustion stage, in that repairs are inadequate, and a decrease in system function results. The foundation of periodic training is keeping ones body in the resistance stage without ever going into the exhaustion stage. By adhering to cyclic training the body has adequate time to recover from significant stress before additional training is undertaken. (Sports periodization, Wikipedia)

globalization

Refers in general to the worldwide integration of humanity and the compression of both the temporal and spatial dimensions of planet-wide human interaction. It includes the increasing economic integration and interdependence of countries.

Homeland Defense

The protection of U.S. sovereignty, territory, domestic population, and critical defense infrastructure against external threats and aggression, or other threats as directed by the President.

human dimension

That which encompasses the moral, cognitive, and physical components of Soldier, leader, and organizational development and performance essential to raise, prepare, and employ the Army in full spectrum operations.

cognitive component

Within the human dimension, what a Soldier must know and understand in order to perform essential tasks and functions. The cognitive domain includes cognition and learning.

kinesiology

The scientific study of man's movement and the movements of implements or equipment that he might use in exercise, sport or other forms of physical activity. The use of muscle testing to identify imbalances in the body's structural, chemical, emotional, or other energy, to establish the body's priority healing needs, and to evaluate energy changes brought about by a broad spectrum of both manual and non-manual therapeutic procedures.

learning

The acquisition and development of memories and behaviors, including skills, knowledge, understanding, values, and wisdom. It is the goal of education, and the product of experience.

moral component

In relation to the human dimension, it consists of three elements; warrior spirit element, moral-ethical development, and socio-cultural awareness.

moral-ethical

In relation to the human dimension, Soldiers aligning individual and professional values in such a way that their constantly evolving personal set of values, beliefs and behaviors are internally consistent with the ethical norms of the profession.

operational environment

The composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander. It encompasses physical areas and factors (of the air, land, maritime, and space domains) and the information environment. Included within these are the adversary, friendly, and neutral systems that are relevant to a specific joint operation. (Joint Publication 3.0).

periodization

The varying or cycling of training specificity, intensity, and volume to achieve peak levels of conditioning. An organized approach to training that involves progressive cycling of various aspects of a training program during a specific period of time. (Sport periodization, Wikipedia)

persistent conflict

A period of protracted confrontation among state, non-state and individual actors who will increasingly use violence as a means of achieving their political and ideological objectives.

physical component

Traditional aspects of physical fitness such as strength, endurance, flexibility, and coordination, along with holistic fitness, an approach that considers mental and medical contributions to physical performance. (Human Dimension concept).

post traumatic stress disorder

Develops after a terrifying ordeal that involved physical harm or the threat of physical harm. The person who develops post traumatic stress may have been the one who was harmed, the harm may have happened to a loved one, or the person may have witnessed a harmful event that happened to loved ones or strangers. First brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, kidnapping, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes, or being held captive.

primary cohesion

The cohesion that exists at the Soldier level. Primary cohesion has two elements, horizontal and vertical cohesion. Horizontal cohesion involves building a sense of mutual trust between Soldiers in small units (platoon, squad) and among peer leaders (officers and NCOs) through shared experiences. Vertical cohesion is bonding between leaders and subordinates.

secondary cohesion

The cohesion created by both organizational and institutional bonding. Organizational bonding occurs at the next higher organization-company/battalion or regimental/brigade level, while institutional bonding is the relationship of the Soldier to the Army. Task cohesion refers to the shared commitment among members to achieving a goal that requires the collective efforts of the group.

socio-cultural awareness

In relation to the human dimension, a requisite that Soldiers understand and be cognizant of how their actions have different meanings to different environments of the local and global audiences and to understand the consequences of their actions within these environments. Conversely, cultural awareness will allow the Soldier to better interpret and anticipate the behavior—and thus the intentions—of the local populace.

Soldier life cycle

Begins with the Army’s efforts to recruit quality people followed by initial training, education and acculturation; unit integration and training; employment; redeployment and reset/train. It is cyclic in nature, and includes the reintegration of Soldiers into Army and joint organizations upon redeployment and back into society after the completion of Army service.

strategic corporal

The notion that leadership in complex, rapidly evolving mission environments devolves lower and lower down the chain of command to better exploit time-critical information into the decisionmaking process, ultimately landing on the corporal, the lowest ranking noncommissioned officer, typically commanding a squad. The term was coined by Gen Charles C. Krulak in the title of an article in Marines Magazine about the Three Block War.

stress

A combination of the physical and emotional responses of the human brain and body to physical conditions and external events.

warrior spirit

In relation to human dimension, having a strong professional military ethic and character that sustains the will to fight and provides the necessary motivation to persevere in the face of severe hardships and the threat of severe injury or death in battle.

Section III

Special Abbreviation and Terms
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