Enabling Global Open Access through Collaboration Agenda Motivations for oa

Enabling Global Open Access through Collaboration

Agenda

• Motivations for OA

• International Initiatives

• The Dual Road to OA

• Institutional Repositories - Current Status
• Open Access Journals - Bioline International as a case study

• Roles of Libraries in the Global OA Movement

Why Open Access?

• Open Access is intended to improve research access, thereby maximizing research impact

• Equalize the north-south flow of knowledge, thereby creating a truly global knowledge commons

Opportunities ?

Paradox of R&D and Scholarly Communications

• Emphasis on generation of research - lack of attention to its dissemination, even less attention on preservation and stewardship

• Publicly funded research results privately owned

• Eagerness to translate university research into marketable products

• Growing “enclosure” of the knowledge commons

Open Access ?

• Scholarly literature that are freely available online

• Primarily peer-reviewed journal publications

• Directed at publicly funded research

• Free from price barrier

• Free from permission barrier

• Free to copy and reuse

• Free to distribute

Other problems

• Data, information, knowledge highly fragmented

• High cost of research literature

• Divergence of information systems

• Lost of digital information

• Indigenous knowledge systems poorly represented - “lost” science

Added benefits of OA

• Increase citation impact and hence return on investment

• Raise institutional prestige

• New usage of research results

• Promote collaboration and broaden participation

• Enable new service and business models

• Enhance public subsidies

International Initiatives

• Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002)

• Berlin Declaration on Open Access (2003)

• World Summit on the Information Society, Geneva (2003): Principles and Plan of Actions; Tunis Commitment, Tunisia (2005)

• OECD Ministerial Declaration on Access to Research Data (2004)

• IFLA Statement on Open Access (2004)

• Funding agencies moving towards open access policies

• Wellcome Trust (UK)
• RCUK (UK)
• NIH (US)
• SSHRC (Canada)
• German Research Council

• Salvador Declaration on Open Access: the developing world perspective (Sept. 2005)

Most recent developments

• European Commission

• Economic and Technical Evolution of the Scientific Publication Markets in Europe (April, 2006)

• Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR)

• Committee to draft OA policy on publicly funded health research in Canada (April 2006)

Recent OA Meetings

• Open Access for Developing Countries, 9th International Congress on Medical Librarianship, 20-23 September 2005, Salvador, Brazil

• http://www.icml9.org/meetings/openaccess/public/documents/declaration.htm

• International Conference on Strategies and Policies on Open Access to Scientific Information, Beijing, China (2005)

• Workshops on Open Access Repositories, MS Swamanathan Research Foundation, Chennai, India, 2003

• OSI organized workshops in S. Africa (2003), Ukraine (2005), Lithuania (2005)

• Series of OAI meeting in Geneva and Berlin meetings

How to provide Open Access?

Recommends two complementary strategies to open access:

• Recommends two complementary strategies to open access:

• 1. Publish in Open Access Journals
• 2. Publish in conventional journal and Self-Archive a copy of the published paper in one’s institutional archive

How many authors are self-archiving?

Top 10 countries with the most registered archives

Brazil

• SciELO

• IBICT (Brazilian Institute of Information on Science and Technology) Instituto Brasileiro de Informacao em Ciencia e Tecnologia

India

• IAS

• INSA

• IISc

• MedKnow

• Medler Centre

Part 2 Bioline International http://www.bioline.org.br

Core Partners

Funding Support

• University of Toronto Libraries

• Department of Social Sciences, U of T at Scarborough

• Open Society Institute. Information Access Program

What is Bioline International?

• Electronic aggregator of full text journals from developing countries

• OAI data provider

• Development project - using open source software and open standards

• Aims to influence scholarly communication practices and access to research literature

• Will open access improve the visibility and impact of journals from developing countries?

Journals from developing world

Why Bioline International?

• Publications from developing countries are poorly represented in the “big deal”

• Making the “lost science” visible

• Bridging the South-North knowledge gap

• Better understanding of global science

Increased visibility

• Traditional directories and indexes ( e.g. EBSCO’s A-Z service, Ulrich’s Serials Directory)
• Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ), African Journal Online (AJOL), Virtual Health Library of Latin America and Caribbean (BRIME), ISI Web Content
• Accessibility from library catalogs through OpenURL
• Soon accessible through HINARI and AGORA
• OAI compliant search services (e.g. Oaister, Google, Scirus)

Circle of Accessibility

Downloads and visitors

Article submissions

International submissions

Projected Impact Factor

Economics of OA-P for India

Conclusions

• OA is increasing the visibility, accessibility and impact of some of the journals from developing countries

• Google is king?

• Need to develop value-added service with OA databases and Open Standards

• Alternative measure of research impact is emerging but OA is the foundation