Highly relevant material flow: recovery of materials and of managing pollutants.
Industrial countries:
Industrial countries:
where cars are used for extended period of time Lifespan of approx. 10 to 12 years: most vehicles containing POP-BDEs have partly been treated by the existing waste management or have been exported to developing countries.
Developing/transition countries:
Likely a large stockpiles for POP-PBDE containing vehicles (used for extended periods until break-down).
Currently it is not known which vehicles producer have used POP-PBDEs for which years. Also monitoring data of POP-PBDEs in vehicles are non-existing in the public domain and only a few data on POP-PBDEs in residues are available.
Currently it is not known which vehicles producer have used POP-PBDEs for which years. Also monitoring data of POP-PBDEs in vehicles are non-existing in the public domain and only a few data on POP-PBDEs in residues are available.
The following factors are provided/suggested to estimate the presence of POP-PBDEs in this sector:
The following basic formula from the POP-PBDE Inventory Guidance is used to calculate the POP-PBDEs content of vehicles for the different categories (cars/trucks or busses) in the live cycle stages:
The following basic formula from the POP-PBDE Inventory Guidance is used to calculate the POP-PBDEs content of vehicles for the different categories (cars/trucks or busses) in the live cycle stages:
Amount of POP-PBDEs (Vehicle category) =
Number of vehiclescategory (manufactured 1975 to 2004) x amount POP-PBDEscategory x Fregional
For data compilation of POP-PBDEs in the transport sector it is useful to inventory the vehicles in the relevant life cycle stages.
For data compilation of POP-PBDEs in the transport sector it is useful to inventory the vehicles in the relevant life cycle stages.
An aim of the initial assessment is to find out what inventory data on the transport sector are already available in a country.
An aim of the initial assessment is to find out what inventory data on the transport sector are already available in a country.
Available data on the transport sector may be gathered from national and international statistics, and statistics of related industrial associations (importers of vehicles, end-of-life treatment) and ministries with relevant information.
Such data might be sufficient for a preliminary inventory.
(Statistics or import data from other countries in the region can be used for approximate estimates for the inventory where there are few national data available. Not needed for Turkey)
Data to be gathered for the initial assessment include:
Data to be gathered for the initial assessment include:
Information from importers (and exporter) or retailers.
Data to be gathered for the initial assessment include:
Data to be gathered for the initial assessment include:
Numbers of vehicles having reached their end-of-life stage in the past (from 1980) until the inventory year (considering the proportion produced between 1975 and 2004):
This information could be derived from deregistration of vehicles, statistics compiled on end-of-life vehicles or by the average (estimated) lifespan.
Available information on current & past waste management practices of end-of-life vehicles in the country:
This information needs to be compiled in respect to the polymer fraction.
Recycling practices of polymers from end-of-life treatment of cars/vehicles:
This information should include the plastics (dashboard, bumpers etc.) and PUR foams (seats and head/arm rest etc.).
Most of the polymer fraction from ELVs are disposed in landfills/dumps or incinerated and are not recycled.
Most of the polymer fraction from ELVs are disposed in landfills/dumps or incinerated and are not recycled.
Recycling of PUR foam and plastic from ELVs might be performed by specialized companies or by the informal sector. Such operations are assessed & inventoried.
Extent of recycling/separation is quantified (inventory), and technologies and approaches used can be reviewed by referring to the POP-PBDEs BAT/BEP guideline.
Other uses of POP-PBDEs (furniture, mattresses, textiles, construction materials, rubber, and drilling operation) are thought to be of minor relevance for most countries due to:
Other uses of POP-PBDEs (furniture, mattresses, textiles, construction materials, rubber, and drilling operation) are thought to be of minor relevance for most countries due to:
Relative low overall use volumes of POP-PBDEs in most of these other application (except furniture for which a large share of c-PentaBDEs was used in PUR foam);
Lack of flammability standards in most countries for these use areas (only a few countries had flammability standards e.g. for furniture in US and UK);
Limited export of such flame retarded second hand articles from countries with flammability standards and related stocks (e.g. export of furniture from US or UK).
If countries consider establishing an inventory for some of these uses it is advised to seek data on % of impacted materials in the region or apply Bromine screening.
If countries consider establishing an inventory for some of these uses it is advised to seek data on % of impacted materials in the region or apply Bromine screening.
POP-PBDEs production sites (only in a few countries)
POP-PBDEs production sites (only in a few countries)
(Former) Application of POP-PBDEs in industries. Production sites of flame retarded
plastic
polyurethane foam
textiles
others
End-of-life treatment of PBDE containing materials
Material/substance flow analysis is the base for establishing live cycle assessments!
Material/substance flow analysis is the base for establishing live cycle assessments!
Approximately 270 tonnes of c-PentaBDE were contained in vehicles registered in 1980-2010, comprising of 141 tonnes in cars, 127 tonnes in buses and 2 tonnes in trucks.
The majority of which(213 tones) is in current use or stockpiled vehicles while approximately 41 tones of POP-PBDE has already been disposed to dumpsites between 1980 to 2010.
